Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 7.7 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Turkey

Prove that
(a+1)(b+2)(b+1)(b+5)+(b+1)(c+2)(c+1)(c+5)+(c+1)(a+2)(a+1)(a+5)32 \frac{(a+1)(b+2)}{(b+1)(b+5)} + \frac{(b+1)(c+2)}{(c+1)(c+5)} + \frac{(c+1)(a+2)}{(a+1)(a+5)} \ge \frac{3}{2}
for all positive real numbers aa, bb, cc satisfying the condition a2+b2+c23a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge 3.

Solution

Since 4(x+2)23(x+1)(x+5)=(x1)204(x+2)^2 - 3(x+1)(x+5) = (x-1)^2 \ge 0, we have x+2(x+1)(x+5)34(x+2)\frac{x+2}{(x+1)(x+5)} \ge \frac{3}{4(x+2)}. Therefore it suffices to show that
a+1b+2+b+1c+2+c+1a+22 \frac{a+1}{b+2} + \frac{b+1}{c+2} + \frac{c+1}{a+2} \ge 2
for all positive real numbers satisfying a2+b2+c23a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge 3.

The Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality gives
((a+1)(b+2)+(b+1)(c+2)+(c+1)(a+2))(a+1b+2+b+1c+2+c+1a+2)(a+b+c+3)2. ((a+1)(b+2) + (b+1)(c+2) + (c+1)(a+2)) \left( \frac{a+1}{b+2} + \frac{b+1}{c+2} + \frac{c+1}{a+2} \right) \ge (a+b+c+3)^2.
We finish by observing that
(a+1)(b+2)+(b+1)(c+2)+(c+1)(a+2)=ab+bc+ca+3(a+b+c)+6=12((a+b+c+3)2(a2+b2+c23))12(a+b+c+3)2. \begin{aligned} & (a+1)(b+2) + (b+1)(c+2) + (c+1)(a+2) \\ &= ab + bc + ca + 3(a+b+c) + 6 \\ &= \frac{1}{2}((a+b+c+3)^2 - (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - 3)) \\ &\le \frac{1}{2}(a+b+c+3)^2. \end{aligned}

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