AlgebraDifficulty 5.5AIME, harderProve itUnited States
Problem:
There are m friends with n cupcakes each weighing 1 ounce. They wish to split the cupcakes equally by dividing each cupcake into some number of parts, and allocating some parts to each person.
a) Assume m=3 and n=5. Show that they may divide the cupcakes with all pieces being larger than 31 ounces.
b) Assume m=5 and n=3. Show that they may divide the cupcakes with all pieces being larger than 51 ounces.
Solution
Solution:
a. Each person needs 35=1220 of a cupcake. If they cut four of the cupcakes into 125 and 127 and the last cupcake in half, then one person can take the four 125 pieces, giving them 4⋅125=1220 and the other two can each take two 127 pieces and one 21=126 piece, giving them as well 127+127+126=1220 All pieces are larger than 31 ounces.
b. Each person needs 53=2012 of a cupcake. We can divide two of the cupcakes into 206, 207 and 207 pieces and the last cupcake into four 41=205 pieces. Then four of the people can get one 207 piece and one 205 piece and the fifth person can get the two 206 pieces.
All pieces are larger than 51 ounces.
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Source: MathNet,
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