Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National Olympiad Prove it Taiwan

ABCDABCD 為凸四邊形,其中任兩邊皆不等長,且 ACBDAC \perp BD。設 O1,O2O_1, O_2 分別為三角形 ABDABDCBDCBD 的外心。證明:直線 AO2AO_2CO1CO_1 以及三角形 ABCABC 的尤拉線、三角形 ADCADC 的尤拉線四線共點。

(註:三角形的尤拉線為其外心、重心、垂心所在的直線。)

Let ABCDABCD be a convex quadrilateral with pairwise distinct side lengths such that ACBDAC \perp BD. Let O1,O2O_1, O_2 be the circumcenters of ABD,CBD\triangle ABD, \triangle CBD, respectively. Show that AO2,CO1AO_2, CO_1, the Euler line of ABC\triangle ABC and the Euler line of ADC\triangle ADC are concurrent. (Remark. The Euler line of a triangle is the line on which its circumcenter, centroid, and orthocenter lie.)

Solution

By symmetry it suffices to show that AO2AO_2, CO1CO_1 and the Euler line of ABC\triangle ABC are concurrent. Note that O1O2ACO_1O_2 \parallel AC. Let A,C\ell_A, \ell_C be the perpendicular bisector of BC,ABBC, AB, respectively. Also denote by MA,MCM_A, M_C the midpoints of BC,ABBC, AB, respectively. Let G,O,HG, O, H be the centroid, circumcenter, orthocenter of ABC\triangle ABC and let \ell be its Euler line. Then
(G,O;H,AO2)=(AG,AO;AH,AO2)=(AMA,AO;AA,AO2)=(MA,O;A,O2). \begin{aligned} (G, O; H, \ell \cap AO_2) &= (AG, AO; AH, AO_2) = (AM_A, AO; A\infty_{\ell_A}, AO_2) \\ &= (M_A, O; \infty_{\ell_A}, O_2). \end{aligned}
Similarly (G,O;H,CO1)=(MC,O;C,O1)(G, O; H, \ell \cap CO_1) = (M_C, O; \infty_{\ell_C}, O_1). Now since MAMCO1O2ACM_A M_C \parallel O_1 O_2 \parallel AC, we know (by perspectivity at AC\infty_{AC}) that (MA,O;A,O2)=(MC,O;C,O1)(M_A, O; \infty_{\ell_A}, O_2) = (M_C, O; \infty_{\ell_C}, O_1). Therefore (G,O;H,AO2)=(G,O;H,CO1)(G, O; H, \ell \cap AO_2) = (G, O; H, \ell \cap CO_1), showing that ,AO2,CO1\ell, AO_2, CO_1 are concurrent, as desired.

Remark. The cross ratio here can be replaced by Menelaus theorem applied for multiple times. Cross ratios are used just to make proof concise.

Alternative proof. Again, we have O1O2ACO_1O_2 \parallel AC and it suffices to show that AO2,CO1AO_2, CO_1 and the Euler line of ABC\triangle ABC are concurrent. Let M1,M2M_1, M_2 be the midpoints of AB,BCAB, BC, respectively. Then note that M1M2O1O2CAM_1M_2 \parallel O_1O_2 \parallel CA, and so by Desargues theorem we know that M1O1M2O2,CO1AO2M_1O_1 \cap M_2O_2, CO_1 \cap AO_2 and CM1AM2CM_1 \cap AM_2 are collinear. Note that M1O1M2O2M_1O_1 \cap M_2O_2 is the circumcenter of ABC\triangle ABC, and CM1AM2CM_1 \cap AM_2 is the centroid of ABC\triangle ABC. Therefore CO1AO2CO_1 \cap AO_2 lies on the Euler line of ABC\triangle ABC. \square

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.