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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National olympiad Prove it Belarus

Let KK and LL be the centers of excircles of a non-isosceles triangle ABCABC lying opposite vertices BB and CC, respectively. Let B1B_1 and C1C_1 be the midpoints of the sides ACAC and ABAB, respectively. Let MM and NN be symmetric to BB and CC about B1B_1 and C1C_1, respectively.
Prove that the lines MKMK and LNLN meet the line BCBC at the same point.

(D. Voinov)

Solution

Let PP and QQ be the projections of LL and NN onto the line BCBC, respectively. Let a=BCa = BC, b=CAb = CA, c=ABc = AB, let pp and SS be the half-perimeter and the area of the triangle ABCABC, respectively. Let XX, YY be the intersection points of the lines LNLN, MKMK and BCBC, respectively. Without loss of generality we assume that XX, YY lie on the segment BCBC (all other positions of these points can be considered in similar way).

Figure 1

It is well known that the radius of the excircle with the center lying opposite to the vertex CC is equal to S/(pc)S/(p-c), so LP=S/(pc)LP = S/(p-c). By condition, AC1=BC1AC_1 = BC_1 and since NN is symmetric to CC about C1C_1, we have NC1=C1CNC_1 = C_1C, so ANBCANBC is a parallelogram. If AHAH is the altitude of ABCABC, then NQ=AH=2S/aNQ = AH = 2S/a. Since CP=pCP = p, CB=aCB = a, we have BP=paBP = p-a. From the equality of the triangles CHACHA and BQNBQN it follows that BQ=CH=bcosCBQ = CH = b \cos \angle C. Since LPNQLP \parallel NQ, we see that XLPXNQ\triangle XLP \sim \triangle XNQ. Then XPXQ=LPNQ\frac{XP}{XQ} = \frac{LP}{NQ}. Let BX=xBX = x, then

x+pax+bcosC=S/(pc)2S/ax=2(pc)(pa)abcosCcb \frac{x+p-a}{x+b \cos \angle C} = \frac{S/(p-c)}{2S/a} \Rightarrow x = \frac{2(p-c)(p-a) - ab \cos \angle C}{c-b}

Similarly, if y=CYy = CY, then y=2(pb)(pa)accosBbcy = \frac{2(p-b)(p-a) - ac \cos \angle B}{b-c}. To prove the required statement, it suffices to show that x+y=ax+y=a. Indeed,

x+y=2(pc)(pa)abcosCcb+2(pb)(pa)accosBbc==2(pc)(pa)2(pb)(pa)+accosBabcosCcb==2(bc)(pa)+aca2+c2b22acaba2+b2c22abcb==(bc)(b+ca)+c2b2cb=a(cb)cb=a. \begin{align*} x+y &= \frac{2(p-c)(p-a) - ab \cos \angle C}{c-b} + \frac{2(p-b)(p-a) - ac \cos \angle B}{b-c} = \\ &= \frac{2(p-c)(p-a) - 2(p-b)(p-a) + ac \cos \angle B - ab \cos \angle C}{c-b} = \\ &= \frac{2(b-c)(p-a) + ac \cdot \frac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac} - ab \cdot \frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}}{c-b} = \\ &= \frac{(b-c)(b+c-a) + c^2-b^2}{c-b} = \frac{a(c-b)}{c-b} = a. \end{align*}

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