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Algebra Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it Croatia

Let abca \le b \le c be real numbers. Prove that c2b2+a2(cb+a)2c^2 - b^2 + a^2 \ge (c - b + a)^2. (Santos J. Prob. Seminar)

Solution

We need to prove that
c2b2+a2(cb+a)2. c^2 - b^2 + a^2 \ge (c - b + a)^2.

Expand the right-hand side:
(cb+a)2=(c+ab)2=(c+a)22b(c+a)+b2=c2+2ac+a22bc2ab+b2.(c - b + a)^2 = (c + a - b)^2 = (c + a)^2 - 2b(c + a) + b^2 = c^2 + 2ac + a^2 - 2bc - 2ab + b^2.

So the inequality becomes:
c2b2+a2c2+2ac+a22bc2ab+b2. c^2 - b^2 + a^2 \ge c^2 + 2ac + a^2 - 2bc - 2ab + b^2.

Bring all terms to one side:
c2b2+a2[c2+2ac+a22bc2ab+b2]0. c^2 - b^2 + a^2 - [c^2 + 2ac + a^2 - 2bc - 2ab + b^2] \ge 0.

Simplify:
c2b2+a2c22aca2+2bc+2abb20 c^2 - b^2 + a^2 - c^2 - 2ac - a^2 + 2bc + 2ab - b^2 \ge 0
(b22ac+2bc+2abb2)0 (- b^2 - 2ac + 2bc + 2ab - b^2) \ge 0
(2b22ac+2bc+2ab)0 (-2b^2 - 2ac + 2bc + 2ab) \ge 0
2(b2ac+bc+ab)0 2(-b^2 - ac + bc + ab) \ge 0
b2ac+bc+ab0 -b^2 - ac + bc + ab \ge 0
(bc+abb2ac)0 (bc + ab - b^2 - ac) \ge 0
b(c+ab)ac0 b(c + a - b) - ac \ge 0
b(c+ab)ac b(c + a - b) \ge ac

Since abca \le b \le c, c+abac + a - b \ge a (because cbc \ge b), and bab \ge a, so b(c+ab)abb(c + a - b) \ge a b. Also, acbcac \le b c since aba \le b. So b(c+ab)acb(c + a - b) \ge ac.

Therefore, the inequality holds for all real numbers abca \le b \le c.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.