Given a0, a1, ..., an, satisfying a0=an=0, and ak−1−2ak+ak+1≥0 for k=1,2,...,n−1. Prove that all the numbers are negative or zero.
Solution
Solution:
The essential point is that if we plot the values ar against r, then the curve formed by joining the points is cup shaped. Its two endpoints are on the axis, so the other points cannot be above it. There are many ways of turning this insight into a formal proof. Barry Paul's was neater than mine: ar+1−ar≥ar−ar−1. Hence (easy induction) if as−as−1>0, then an>as. Take as to be the first positive, then certainly as>as−1, so an>0. Contradiction.
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