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Geometry Difficulty 7.7 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Hong Kong

Let a=BCa = BC, b=CAb = CA and c=ABc = AB be respectively the lengths of a triangle ABCABC; ia,ib,ici_a, i_b, i_c be respectively the lengths of the angle bisectors from A,BA, B and CC. Let RR be the circumradius of the triangle. Prove that
aia+bib+cic<9R2. ai_a + bi_b + ci_c < 9R^2.

Solution

Let DD be the intersection point of the internal angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC and BCBC.
By the angle bisector theorem, we have BDCD=cb\frac{BD}{CD} = \frac{c}{b}, hence
BD=acb+candCD=abb+c. BD = \frac{ac}{b+c} \quad \text{and} \quad CD = \frac{ab}{b+c}.
By Stewart's theorem, we have
ia2=1a(b2acb+c+c2abb+c)acb+cabb+c=bc((b+c)2a2)(b+c)2=4bcs(sa)(b+c)2, i_a^2 = \frac{1}{a} \left( b^2 \cdot \frac{ac}{b+c} + c^2 \cdot \frac{ab}{b+c} \right) - \frac{ac}{b+c} \cdot \frac{ab}{b+c} = \frac{bc((b+c)^2 - a^2)}{(b+c)^2} = \frac{4bcs(s-a)}{(b+c)^2},
where ss is the semiperimeter of ABC\triangle ABC. Now, by the AM-GM inequality, since ssas \neq s-a, we have
ia=2bcb+cs(sa)<2bcb+cs+(sa)2=bcb+c2. i_a = \frac{2\sqrt{bc}}{b+c} \cdot \sqrt{s(s-a)} < \frac{2\sqrt{bc}}{b+c} \cdot \frac{s+(s-a)}{2} = \sqrt{bc} \le \frac{b+c}{2}.
Similarly, we have ib<c+a2i_b < \frac{c+a}{2} and ic<a+b2i_c < \frac{a+b}{2}. Therefore, we have
aia+bib+cic<ab+bc+caa2+b2+c2. ai_a + bi_b + ci_c < ab + bc + ca \le a^2 + b^2 + c^2.
This is bounded above by 9R29R^2 since 9R2(a2+b2+c2)=OH29R^2 - (a^2 + b^2 + c^2) = OH^2, where OO and HH are the circumcentre and orthocentre of ABC\triangle ABC respectively.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.