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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National Olympiad Prove it Taiwan

Circles O1,O2O_1, O_2 intersect at two points M,NM, N. The common tangent line closer to MM touches O1,O2O_1, O_2 at points A,BA, B respectively. Points C,DC, D are the reflections of A,BA, B with respect to MM respectively. The circumcircle of DCM\triangle DCM intersects O1,O2O_1, O_2 at points E,FE, F different from MM, respectively. Prove that the circumradii of MEF\triangle MEF and NEF\triangle NEF are equal.

Solution

Take NN' such that quadrilateral NENFNEN'F' forms a parallelogram, extend ADAD to meet circle O1O_1 at EE', and extend BCBC to meet circle O2O_2 at FF'.

Since M,C,F,E,DM, C, F, E, D are five concyclic points, we get MFC=MDC=MBA=MFB\angle MFC = \angle MDC = \angle MBA = \angle MFB,

therefore B,C,FB, C, F are three collinear points. That is, F=FF = F'. Similarly, E=EE = E'.

Connect NMNM and extend it to meet ABAB at point LL. Since LA2=LMLNLA^2 = LM \cdot LN, LB2=LMLNLB^2 = LM \cdot LN,

we get LA=LBLA = LB.

Also, MB=NDMB = ND, so LMADLM \parallel AD, that is, MNAEMN \parallel AE; similarly, MNBFMN \parallel BF. Thus O1O2AEO_1O_2 \perp AE, O1O2BFO_1O_2 \perp BF, therefore A,M,BA, M, B are respectively symmetric to E,N,FE, N, F with respect to O1O2O_1O_2.

Hence ENF=AMB\angle ENF = \angle AMB, therefore
ENF+EMF=ENF+EMF=EMF+AMB=EMN+FMN+AMB=AEM+BFM+AMB=BAM+ABM+AMB=π \begin{aligned} \angle EN'F + \angle EMF &= \angle ENF + \angle EMF \\ &= \angle EMF + \angle AMB \\ &= \angle EMN + \angle FMN + \angle AMB \\ &= \angle AEM + \angle BFM + \angle AMB \\ &= \angle BAM + \angle ABM + \angle AMB \\ &= \pi \end{aligned}
therefore M,E,N,FM, E, N', F' are four concyclic points.

Also, ENFNENFN' is a parallelogram, so ENF\triangle ENF and FNE\triangle FNE' are congruent. Therefore the circumradii of ENF\triangle ENF and MEF\triangle MEF are equal.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement translated into English from zh; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.