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Number theory Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it Slovenia

Find all prime numbers pp, qq and rr such that p>q>rp > q > r and the numbers pqp-q, prp-r and qrq-r are also prime.

Solution

We have r2r \ge 2, so pp and qq must be odd primes. Thus, pqp-q is even and equal to 22. We get pq=2p-q=2. The numbers pr=qr+2p-r=q-r+2 and qrq-r are prime and differ by 22, so they have the same parity. We conclude that both must be odd. Since qq and qrq-r are odd, rr must be even. Thus, r=2r=2.

The numbers qq, p=q+2p = q+2 and qr=q2q-r = q-2 are prime. Since q2q-2 is an odd prime it must be at least 33. But exactly one of the prime numbers q2q-2, qq, q+2q+2 is divisible by 33, so q2=3q-2=3. This implies q=5q=5 and p=7p=7.

We get r=2r=2, q=5q=5 and p=7p=7. These numbers satisfy the conditions of the problem since pr=5p-r=5, pq=2p-q=2 and qr=3q-r=3 are also prime.

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