Consider this equation as a square equation with respect to c. Then,
c2−abc+(a+b)=0⇒D=(ab)2−4(a+b)=m2.
If b=1, D1=a2−4a−4=(a−2)2−8=x2−8, where x=a−2.
If x=3, D1=1 is a perfect square, so a=5, c2−5c+6=0, which yields the answers: (5,1,2) and (5,1,3), and corresponding symmetric tuples: (1,5,2) and (1,5,3).
If x=4, D1=8 is not a perfect square.
If x≥5, x2>D1>(x−1)2=x2−2x+1, so D1 is not a perfect square.
Now, suppose b≥2. Then, 2ab≥a+b+4⇔a(b−1)+b(a−1)≥4. Hence,
(ab)2>D=(ab)2−4(a+b)≥(ab−4)2=(ab)2−8ab+16.
Thus, 4 cases remain.
D=(ab−4)2, then, from previous estimates, this is only possible if a=b=2, thus, c=2, and we have the solution (2,2,2).
D=(ab−3)2 and D=(ab−1)2 are impossible, since then D=(ab−n)2=(ab)2−4(a+b)⇔2abn=n2+4(a+b), which gives a contradiction for an odd n.
D=(ab−2)2, then 4ab=4+4(a+b)⇒ab−a−b−1=0⇒a(b−1)−(b−1)=2⇒(a−1)(b−1)=2⇒a−1=2 and b−1=1. Thus, a=3 and b=2, and we find c
from the equation: c2−6c+5=0. This gives us the solutions (3,2,1) and (3,2,5), and their symmetric counterparts (2,3,1) and (2,3,5).