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Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National Olympiad Prove it Estonia

Circle ω2\omega_2 is tangent to circle ω1\omega_1 at point AA and passes through its center OO. Point CC is chosen on ω2\omega_2 in such a way that the ray ACAC intersects ω1\omega_1 the second time at point DD, the ray OCOC intersects ω1\omega_1 at point EE and the line DEDE is parallel to the line AOAO. Find the size of the angle DAEDAE.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Denote DAE=α\angle DAE = \alpha; then DOE=2α\angle DOE = 2\alpha (Fig. 5). From the isosceles triangle DOEDOE, we obtain OED=1802α2=90α\angle OED = \frac{180^\circ - 2\alpha}{2} = 90^\circ - \alpha. Since DEDE and AOAO are parallel, AOE=90α\angle AOE = 90^\circ - \alpha.

As the common tangent to ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 at point AA is perpendicular to the radius AOAO of ω1\omega_1, as well as to the radius of ω2\omega_2, and OO lies on ω2\omega_2, the line segment AOAO must be a diameter of ω2\omega_2. Thus OCA=90\angle OCA = 90^\circ. As OA=ODOA = OD, the line segment OCOC is the altitude of the isosceles triangle OADOAD drawn from its apex angle. This implies AOE=DOE=2α\angle AOE = \angle DOE = 2\alpha.
Hence 90α=2α90^\circ - \alpha = 2\alpha, implying α=30\alpha = 30^\circ.

Solution 2

As ACO=DCE\angle ACO = \angle DCE and also AOC=DEC\angle AOC = \angle DEC, the triangles ACOACO and DCEDCE are similar.

Figure 1
Fig. 5

As the common tangent to ω1\omega_1 and ω2\omega_2 at point AA is perpendicular to the radius AOAO of ω1\omega_1, as well as to the radius of ω2\omega_2, and OO lies on ω2\omega_2, the line segment AOAO must be a diameter of ω2\omega_2. Thus OCA=90\angle OCA = 90^\circ. As OA=ODOA = OD, the line segment OCOC is the altitude of the isosceles triangle OADOAD drawn from its apex angle. This implies AC=DCAC = DC. Hence the triangles ACOACO and DCEDCE are equal and AO=DEAO = DE.
A quadrilateral with a pair of equal parallel sides is a parallelogram. As AO=DOAO = DO, the quadrilateral AODEAODE is a rhombus. The diagonals of a rhombus bisect the angles at their endpoints. Thus EAD=12EAO\angle EAD = \frac{1}{2}\angle EAO. As OA=OE=ODOA = OE = OD and AE=ODAE = OD, the triangle AOEAOE is equilateral. Hence the internal angles of AODEAODE are of size 6060^\circ and 120120^\circ, implying EAD=30\angle EAD = 30^\circ.

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