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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it China

Suppose an ellipse with points B0B_0 and B1B_1 as the foci intercepts side ABiAB_i of AB0B1\triangle AB_0B_1 at CiC_i (i=0,1i = 0, 1). Taking an arbitrary point P0P_0 on the extending line of AB0AB_0, draw arc \overarcP0Q0\overarc{P_0Q_0} with B0B_0, B0P0B_0P_0 as the center and radius respectively, intercepting the extending line of C1B0C_1B_0 at Q0Q_0. Draw arc \overarcQ0P1\overarc{Q_0P_1} with C1C_1, C1Q0C_1Q_0 as the center and radius respectively,

Figure 1

intercepting the extending line of B1AB_1A at P1P_1. Draw arc \overarcP1Q1\overarc{P_1Q_1} with B1B_1, B1P1B_1P_1 as the center and radius respectively, intercepting the extending line of B1C0B_1C_0 at Q1Q_1. Draw arc \overarcQ1P0\overarc{Q_1P'_0} with C0C_0, C0Q1C_0Q_1 as the center and radius respectively, intercepting the extending line of AB0AB_0 at P0P'_0. Prove that

(1) P0P'_0 and P0P_0 are coincident, and arcs \overarcP0Q0\overarc{P_0Q_0} and \overarcP0Q1\overarc{P_0Q_1} are tangent to each other at P0P_0.

(2) Points P0,Q0,Q1,P1P_0, Q_0, Q_1, P_1 are concyclic.

Solution

(1) From the properties of an ellipse we know
B1C0+C0B0=B1C1+C1B0. B_1C_0 + C_0B_0 = B_1C_1 + C_1B_0.
Also, it is obvious that
B0P0=B0Q0,C1B0+B0Q0=C1P1, B_0P_0 = B_0Q_0, \quad C_1B_0 + B_0Q_0 = C_1P_1,
B1C1+C1P1=B1C0+C0Q1,C0Q1=C0B0+B0P0. B_1C_1 + C_1P_1 = B_1C_0 + C_0Q_1, \quad C_0Q_1 = C_0B_0 + B_0P'_0.
Adding these equations, we get B0P0=B0P0B_0P_0 = B_0P'_0.
Therefore P0P'_0 and P0P_0 are coincident. Furthermore, as P0P_0, C0C_0 (the center of \overarcQ1P0\overarc{Q_1P_0}) and B0B_0 (the center of \overarcP0Q0\overarc{P_0Q_0}) are lying on the same line, we know that \overarcQ1P0\overarc{Q_1P_0} and \overarcP0Q0\overarc{P_0Q_0} are tangent at P0P_0.

(2) We have thus \overarcQ1P0\overarc{Q_1P_0} and \overarcP0Q0\overarc{P_0Q_0}, \overarcP0Q0\overarc{P_0Q_0} and \overarcQ0P1\overarc{Q_0P_1}, \overarcQ0P1\overarc{Q_0P_1} and \overarcP1Q1\overarc{P_1Q_1}, \overarcP1Q1\overarc{P_1Q_1} and \overarcQ1P0\overarc{Q_1P'_0} are tangent at points P0,Q0,P1,Q1P_0, Q_0, P_1, Q_1 respectively. Now we draw common tangent lines P0TP_0T and P1TP_1T through P0P_0 and P1P_1 respectively, and suppose the two lines meet at point TT. Also, we draw a common

Figure 2

tangent line R1S1R_1S_1 through Q1Q_1, and suppose it intercepts P0TP_0T and P1TP_1T at point R1R_1 and S1S_1 respectively. Drawing segments P0Q1P_0Q_1 and P1Q1P_1Q_1, we get isosceles triangles P0Q1R1P_0Q_1R_1 and P1Q1S1P_1Q_1S_1 respectively. Then we have
P0Q1P1=πP0Q1R1P1Q1S1=π(P1P0TQ1P0P1)(P0P1TQ1P1P0). \begin{aligned} \angle P_0Q_1P_1 &= \pi - \angle P_0Q_1R_1 - \angle P_1Q_1S_1 \\ &= \pi - (\angle P_1P_0T - \angle Q_1P_0P_1) \\ &\quad - (\angle P_0P_1T - \angle Q_1P_1P_0). \end{aligned}
Since
πP0Q1P1=Q1P0P1+Q1P1P0, \pi - \angle P_0Q_1P_1 = \angle Q_1P_0P_1 + \angle Q_1P_1P_0,
we obtain
P0Q1P1=π12(P1P0T+P0P1T). \angle P_0Q_1P_1 = \pi - \frac{1}{2}(\angle P_1P_0T + \angle P_0P_1T).
In the same way, we can prove that
P0Q0P1=π12(P1P0T+P0P1T). \angle P_0Q_0P_1 = \pi - \frac{1}{2}(\angle P_1P_0T + \angle P_0P_1T).
It implies that points P0,Q0,Q1,P1P_0, Q_0, Q_1, P_1 are concyclic.

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