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Geometry Difficulty 7.0 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Ukraine

Circles w1w_1 and w2w_2 intersect at the points PP and QQ. Suppose ABAB and CDCD are parallel diameters of the circles w1w_1 and w2w_2 respectively. Moreover, none of the points A,B,C,DA, B, C, D coincides with PP or QQ, and the points are located on the circles in the following order: A,B,P,QA, B, P, Q on w1w_1 and C,D,P,QC, D, P, Q on w2w_2. Lines APAP and BQBQ intersect at point XX and lines CPCP and DQDQ intersect at YXY \neq X. Prove that, regardless of the choice of parallel diameters ABAB and CDCD, all the lines XYXY intersect at one point or are parallel.
(Nazar Serdiuk)

Figure 1
Fig. 26

Solution

Let O1O_1 be the center of circle w1w_1 and X=BPAQX' = BP \cap AQ as on Fig. 26. Since APBPAP \perp BP and BQAQBQ \perp AQ, then APAP and BQBQ are heights of the triangle ABXABX', and XX is the orthocenter. Then XXX'X is also a height in the triangle, therefore XXABX'X \perp AB and PXX=90ABX=PAB\angle PX'X = 90^\circ - \angle ABX' = \angle PAB. This implies that triangles APB\triangle APB and XPX\triangle X'PX have the same angles, so there is a rotation and homothety that transform triangle APB\triangle APB into XPX\triangle X'PX. The center of transformations is at PP, the rotation is by 9090^\circ and the homothety coefficient is XPBP=XBP=12QO1P\frac{XP}{BP} = \angle XBP = \frac{1}{2} \angle QO_1P.

Denote by M1M_1 the midpoint of XXXX'. The segments PO1PO_1 and PM1PM_1 are medians of the triangles APB\triangle APB and XPX\triangle X'PX respectively, therefore PM1PO1PM_1 \perp PO_1, that is, PM1PM_1 is tangent to w1w_1. Similarly, we get that QM1QM_1 is tangent to w1w_1 as well. Consequently, M1M_1 is the intersection of tangents to w1w_1 drawn from PP and QQ that are not dependent on the choice of points AA and BB. Note that the length of the segment

XX=AB12QO1P XX' = AB \cdot \frac{1}{2} \angle QO_1P
does not depend on AA and BB as well, because the length of diameter ABAB and the angle QO1P\angle QO_1P are constant.

Analogously, we construct the point M2M_2 for the circle w2w_2. Assume that T=XYM1M2T = XY \cap M_1M_2 (the case when XYM1M2XY \parallel M_1M_2 will be considered further). We will show that point TT is fixed, which implies that all the lines XYXY intersect at one point regardless of the choice of diameters ABAB and CDCD.

Note that M1XM_1X and M2YM_2Y are parallel since both are perpendicular to ABCDAB \parallel CD, that is why
M1TM2T=M1XM2Y. \frac{M_1T}{M_2T} = \frac{M_1X}{M_2Y}.
The points M1M_1 and M2M_2 as well as the ratio M1XM2Y=XX2YY2=XXYY\frac{M_1X}{M_2Y} = \frac{\frac{XX'}{2}}{\frac{YY'}{2}} = \frac{XX'}{YY'} are fixed, therefore TT is also fixed.

The lines XYXY and M1M2M_1M_2 are parallel and do not coincide if and only if segments M1XM_1X and M2YM_2Y are equal and parallel. These properties hold as well with different choices of the diameters ABAB and CDCD. Hence, if XYXY and M1M2M_1M_2 are parallel it will imply that XYXY is parallel to M1M2M_1M_2 for all other initializations of diameters ABAB and CDCD.

The lines XYXY and M1M2M_1M_2 coincide if and only if ABCDM1M2AB \parallel CD \perp M_1M_2. In this case one may consider another initialization of the diameters ABAB and CDCD, that will determine in which of two cases considered above we are. Note, that the initial line XY=M1M2XY = M_1M_2 satisfies both of the considered cases.

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