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Geometry Difficulty 7.6 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Bulgaria

Problem:
Let ABCDABCD be a circumscribed quadrilateral and let PP be the orthogonal projection of its incenter on the diagonal ACAC. Prove that APB = APD\text{APB = APD}.

Solution

Solution:
We shall use the following fact: if α,β,γ\alpha, \beta, \gamma and δ\delta are angles such that sinαsinδ=sinβsinγ\sin \alpha \sin \delta = \sin \beta \sin \gamma and α+β=γ+δ<180\alpha + \beta = \gamma + \delta < 180^{\circ}, then α=γ\alpha = \gamma and β=δ\beta = \delta.

Denote by M,N,RM, N, R and SS the tangent points of the incircle of ABCDABCD centered at OO with the sides AB,BC,CDAB, BC, CD and DADA, respectively. Then the points A,M,O,PA, M, O, P and SS lie on the circle with diameter AOAO and APM = AM 2 = AS 2 = APS\text{APM = AM 2 = AS 2 = APS}.

Figure 1

Analogously, CPR = CPN\text{CPR = CPN} and hence SPR = MPN\text{SPR = MPN}.

The Sine theorem for BPM\triangle BPM and BPN\triangle BPN gives
MPB PMB = BM BP = BN BP = BPN BNP\text{MPB PMB = BM BP = BN BP = BPN BNP}
and therefore MPB NPB = PMB PNB\text{MPB NPB = PMB PNB}.

Since
PMB = 180 - AMP = 180 - AOP PNB = 180 - CNP = 180 - COP\text{PMB = 180 - AMP = 180 - AOP PNB = 180 - CNP = 180 - COP}
then MPB NPB = AOP COP\text{MPB NPB = AOP COP}.

We get in the same way that
SPD RPD = AOP COP .\text{SPD RPD = AOP COP .}

Applying the fact mentioned above with = MPB\text{= MPB}, = NPB\text{= NPB}, = SPD\text{= SPD} and = RPD\text{= RPD} we conclude that MPB = SPD\text{MPB = SPD} and therefore APB = APM + MPB = APS + SPD = APD\text{APB = APM + MPB = APS + SPD = APD}.

Figure 1

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.