Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it United States

Problem:

Let ABCABC be an equilateral triangle, and let PP be a point on minor arcBC\operatorname{arc} BC of the circumcircle of ABCABC. Prove that PA=PB+PCPA = PB + PC.

Solution

Solution:

Extend line PCPC through CC to point DD such that CD=BPCD = BP. Note that ACD=πPCA=ABP\angle ACD = \pi - \angle PCA = \angle ABP (since quadrilateral ABPCABPC is cyclic), and AC=ABAC = AB since ABC\triangle ABC is equilateral. Consequently, ACDABP\triangle ACD \cong \triangle ABP. In particular, we have PDA=CDA=BPA=BCA\angle PDA = \angle CDA = \angle BPA = \angle BCA (again by cyclicity) =π/3= \pi/3. But also APD=APC=ABC\angle APD = \angle APC = \angle ABC (cyclicity) =π/3= \pi/3. We conclude that triangle APDAPD is equilateral. So, PA=PD=PC+CD=PC+BPPA = PD = PC + CD = PC + BP.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.