Olympiad Maths Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Iran

In acute-angled triangle ABC\triangle ABC, altitudes BE,CFBE, CF meet at HH. A perpendicular line is drawn from HH to EFEF and intersects arc BCBC of the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC (the one that doesn't contain AA) at KK. If AK,BCAK, BC meet at PP, prove that PK=PHPK = PH.

Solution

Without loss of generality, let's assume that ACABAC \ge AB. Let DD be the second intersection point of line AHAH and the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC and let OO be circumcenter of ABC\triangle ABC. Let the lines ODOD and BCBC meet at JJ. Then we have JDH=JHD\angle JDH = \angle JHD since BCBC is perpendicular bisector of HDHD. On the other hand DCA=90B+C\angle DCA = 90 - \angle B + \angle C so we have ODH=BC\angle ODH = \angle B - \angle C. Therefore JHAOJH \parallel AO, since AOEFAO \perp EF so we get that JHEFJH \perp EF and JJ lies on the line KHKH. Note that
PKD=AKD=90B+C. \angle PKD = \angle AKD = 90^\circ - \angle B + \angle C.
Also
OJP=OJC=CDJ+DCJ=C+90B. \angle OJP = \angle OJC = \angle CDJ + \angle DCJ = \angle C + 90^\circ - \angle B.
Therefore OJP=PKD\angle OJP = \angle PKD and JDKPJDKP is cyclic and PKH=PKJ=PDJ\angle PKH = \angle PKJ = \angle PDJ. But we have PDJ=PHJ=PHK\angle PDJ = \angle PHJ = \angle PHK since DD is the reflection of HH with respect to PJPJ. So PKH=PHK\angle PKH = \angle PHK which gives us PK=PHPK = PH as desired.

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