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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Iran

In acute-angled triangle △ABC\triangle ABC, altitudes BE,CFBE, CF meet at HH. A perpendicular line is drawn from HH to EFEF and intersects arc BCBC of the circumcircle of △ABC\triangle ABC (the one that doesn't contain AA) at KK. If AK,BCAK, BC meet at PP, prove that PK=PHPK = PH.

Solution

Without loss of generality, let's assume that AC≥ABAC \ge AB. Let DD be the second intersection point of line AHAH and the circumcircle of △ABC\triangle ABC and let OO be circumcenter of △ABC\triangle ABC. Let the lines ODOD and BCBC meet at JJ. Then we have ∠JDH=∠JHD\angle JDH = \angle JHD since BCBC is perpendicular bisector of HDHD. On the other hand ∠DCA=90−∠B+∠C\angle DCA = 90 - \angle B + \angle C so we have ∠ODH=∠B−∠C\angle ODH = \angle B - \angle C. Therefore JH∥AOJH \parallel AO, since AO⊥EFAO \perp EF so we get that JH⊥EFJH \perp EF and JJ lies on the line KHKH. Note that
∠PKD=∠AKD=90∘−∠B+∠C. \angle PKD = \angle AKD = 90^\circ - \angle B + \angle C.
Also
∠OJP=∠OJC=∠CDJ+∠DCJ=∠C+90∘−∠B. \angle OJP = \angle OJC = \angle CDJ + \angle DCJ = \angle C + 90^\circ - \angle B.
Therefore ∠OJP=∠PKD\angle OJP = \angle PKD and JDKPJDKP is cyclic and ∠PKH=∠PKJ=∠PDJ\angle PKH = \angle PKJ = \angle PDJ. But we have ∠PDJ=∠PHJ=∠PHK\angle PDJ = \angle PHJ = \angle PHK since DD is the reflection of HH with respect to PJPJ. So ∠PKH=∠PHK\angle PKH = \angle PHK which gives us PK=PHPK = PH as desired.

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