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Algebra Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it Ukraine

Prove inequality a2bc(a2+b2)+b2ca(b2+c2)+c2ab(c2+a2)92\frac{a^2}{bc(a^2+b^2)} + \frac{b^2}{ca(b^2+c^2)} + \frac{c^2}{ab(c^2+a^2)} \ge \frac{9}{2} for random positive numbers a,b,ca, b, c obeying equality ab+bc+ca=1ab + bc + ca = 1.

Solution

Let's consider the secondary inequality a3a2+b2ab2\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2} \ge a - \frac{b}{2} which is proved by means of rearrangement: 2a3(a2+b2)(2ab)=2a3+2ab2a2bb3b(ab)202a^3 \ge (a^2+b^2)(2a-b) = 2a^3 + 2ab^2 - a^2b - b^3 \Leftrightarrow b(a-b)^2 \ge 0.

a2bc(a2+b2)+b2ca(b2+c2)+c2ab(c2+a2)=1abc(a3a2+b2+b3b2+c2+c3c2+a2)1abc(ab2+bc2+ca2)=a+b+c2abc=(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)2abc3abca2b2c232abc92. \frac{a^2}{bc(a^2+b^2)} + \frac{b^2}{ca(b^2+c^2)} + \frac{c^2}{ab(c^2+a^2)} = \frac{1}{abc} \left( \frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2} + \frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2} + \frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2} \right) \ge \frac{1}{abc} \left( a - \frac{b}{2} + b - \frac{c}{2} + c - \frac{a}{2} \right) = \frac{a+b+c}{2abc} = \frac{(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ca)}{2abc} \ge \frac{3\sqrt{abc} \cdot \sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}}{2abc} \ge \frac{9}{2}.

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