Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /13 of 27

Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Prove it Singapore

Let PP be a 20162016-sided polygon with all its adjacent sides perpendicular to each other, i.e., all its internal angles are either 9090^\circ or 270270^\circ. If the lengths of its sides are odd integers, prove that its area is an even integer.

Solution

We may assume the sides are either parallel to the xx- or yy-axes and that the lowest horizontal sides are at the xx-axis. Start with a horizontal side that is on the xx-axis, go around the polygon in clockwise direction, label the horizontal sides 1,2,,10081, 2, \ldots, 1008 and put an arrow on the side along the direction that you proceed. Each horizontal side sis_i forms a rectangle with the xx-axis whose height is the height of sis_i above the xx-axis and whose width is sis_i. If the arrow on sis_i points in the direction positive yy-axis, its area AiA_i is positive. Otherwise it is negative. The area of PP is the absolute value of
A1+A2++A1008. A_1 + A_2 + \dots + A_{1008}.
Since the side lengths are all odd, AiA_i and Ai+1A_{i+1} for i=1,,1007i = 1, \dots, 1007, have opposite parities. Hence there are 504504 terms which are odd. Therefore the area is even.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.