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Geometry Difficulty 6.5 National Olympiad Prove it Japan

Suppose 4 sides ABAB, BCBC, CDCD, DADA of a quadrilateral ABCDABCD are tangent to a circle with its center OO, and conditions
OA=5, OB=6, OC=7, OD=8 OA = 5,\ OB = 6,\ OC = 7,\ OD = 8
are satisfied. Let MM, NN be the midpoint of the line segments ACAC, BDBD respectively. Find the value of OM:ONOM : ON. Here for a line segment XYXY its length is also denoted by XYXY.

Solution

Let PP, QQ, RR, SS be the points of tangency of the given circle to the sides DADA, ABAB, BCBC, CDCD, respectively. Let, also AA', BB', CC', DD' be the midpoints of the line segments PQPQ, QRQR, RSRS, SPSP, respectively. Note that AA', BB', CC', DD' lie on the line segments OAOA, OBOB, OCOC, ODOD, respectively. Denote the length of the radius of the circle by rr.

Since APO=PAO=90\angle APO = \angle PA'O = 90^\circ and AOP=POA\angle AOP = \angle POA', the triangles APOAPO and PAOPA'O are similar, and therefore, we have AO:PO=PO:AOAO : PO = PO : A'O. From this we obtain AO=PO2AO=r2AOAO' = \frac{PO^2}{AO} = \frac{r^2}{AO}. Similarly, we get CO=COrC'O = \frac{C'O}{r}. Hence, we have AO:CO=CO:AOAO : CO = C'O : A'O and since AOC=COA\angle AOC = \angle C'OA', we see that the triangles AOCAOC and COAC'OA' are similar. This similarity carries the point MM to the midpoint MM' of the line segment ACA'C', and therefore, we have OM=OMAOCO=OMAOCOr2OM = OM' \cdot \frac{AO}{C'O} = OM' \cdot \frac{AO \cdot CO}{r^2}.

In the same way, we conclude that if we denote by NN' the midpoint of the line segment BDB'D' then ON=ONBODOr2ON = ON' \cdot \frac{BO \cdot DO}{r^2}. We see that
OM=12(OA+OC)=14(OP+OQ+OR+OS)=12(OB+OD)=ON \overrightarrow{OM'} = \frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{OA'} + \overrightarrow{OC'}) = \frac{1}{4}(\overrightarrow{OP} + \overrightarrow{OQ} + \overrightarrow{OR} + \overrightarrow{OS}) = \frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{OB'} + \overrightarrow{OD'}) = \overrightarrow{ON'}

holds, and therefore, we conclude that M=NM' = N'. Putting these facts together, we get
OM:ON=OMAOCOr2:ONBODOr2=AOCO:BODO=35:48, OM : ON = OM' \cdot \frac{AO \cdot CO}{r^2} : ON' \cdot \frac{BO \cdot DO}{r^2} = AO \cdot CO : BO \cdot DO = 35 : 48,
which gives the desired answer.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.