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Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National olympiad Prove it Japan

On the circumference of a circle, 6 points AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, FF are placed in this order counter-clockwise, and three lines ADAD, BEBE and CFCF intersect at a single point. If
AB=1, BC=2, CD=3, DE=4, EF=5, AB = 1,\ BC = 2,\ CD = 3,\ DE = 4,\ EF = 5,
find the value of FAFA. Here we denote the length of a line segment XYXY also by XYXY.

Solution

158 \boxed{\frac{15}{8}}
Let PP be the point of intersection of lines ADAD, BEBE and CFCF. Then, we have PBA=PDE\angle PBA = \angle PDE, since they are subtended by the same arc \overarcEA\overarc{EA} of the circle at the points BB and DD on the circumference. We also have BPA=DPE\angle BPA = \angle DPE so that the triangles BPABPA and DPEDPE are similar. Consequently, we get
(1)PA:PE=BA:DE=1:4. (1) \qquad PA : PE = BA : DE = 1 : 4.
In the same way, we see that the triangles CPBCPB and EPFEPF are similar, and therefore, we get
(2)PE:PC=EF:CB=5:2. (2) \qquad PE : PC = EF : CB = 5 : 2.
From (1) and (2) above, we get PC:PA=8:5PC : PA = 8 : 5. Also, from the similarity of the triangles FPAFPA and DPCDPC, we obtain PC:PA=DC:FAPC : PA = DC : FA, from which it follows that FA=58DC=158FA = \frac{5}{8} \cdot DC = \frac{15}{8}, which is the desired answer.

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