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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National Olympiad Prove it Iran

Consider a triangle △ABC\triangle ABC with circumcenter OO and incenter II. The incircle touches sides BCBC, CACA and ABAB at DD, EE and FF, respectively. Let KK be a point such that KFKF is tangent to circumcircle of △BFD\triangle BFD and KEKE is tangent to circumcircle of △CED\triangle CED. Prove that BCBC, OIOI and AKAK are concurrent.

Solution

Note that
XBXC=sin⁡∠XOBsin⁡∠XOC=sin⁡∠IOBsin⁡∠IOC. \frac{XB}{XC} = \frac{\sin \angle XOB}{\sin \angle XOC} = \frac{\sin \angle IOB}{\sin \angle IOC}.
Which is equivalent to
sin⁡(∠C2)sin⁡(∣∠B−∠A∣2)⋅sin⁡(∣∠B−∠A∣2)sin⁡(∠C2). \frac{\sin\left(\frac{\angle C}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{|\angle B - \angle A|}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sin\left(\frac{|\angle B - \angle A|}{2}\right)}{\sin\left(\frac{\angle C}{2}\right)}.
Using Ceva's theorem in triangle △BOC\triangle BOC for point II. Now, by the Ratio lemma, we have
YBYC=cb⋅sin⁡∠YABsin⁡∠YAC=cb⋅sin⁡∠KAFsin⁡∠KAE. \frac{YB}{YC} = \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{\sin \angle YAB}{\sin \angle YAC} = \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{\sin \angle KAF}{\sin \angle KAE}.
By Ceva's theorem in △AEF\triangle AEF for point KK, we have
sin⁡∠KAFsin⁡∠KAE=sin⁡∠KEFsin⁡∠KEA⋅sin⁡∠KFAsin⁡∠KFE=sin⁡(90∘−∠B2)sin⁡(90∘−∠C2)⋅sin⁡(∠B2)sin⁡(∠C2). \frac{\sin \angle KAF}{\sin \angle KAE} = \frac{\sin \angle KEF}{\sin \angle KEA} \cdot \frac{\sin \angle KFA}{\sin \angle KFE} = \frac{\sin(90^\circ - \frac{\angle B}{2})}{\sin(90^\circ - \frac{\angle C}{2})} \cdot \frac{\sin(\frac{\angle B}{2})}{\sin(\frac{\angle C}{2})}.
So we have just to prove that
cb⋅sin⁡(90∘−∠B2)sin⁡(90∘−∠C2)=sin⁡(∠C2)sin⁡(∠B2)  ⟺  sin⁡∠Csin⁡∠B⋅cos⁡(∠B2)cos⁡(∠C2)=sin⁡(∠C2)sin⁡(∠B2). \begin{gather*} \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{\sin(90^\circ - \frac{\angle B}{2})}{\sin(90^\circ - \frac{\angle C}{2})} = \frac{\sin(\frac{\angle C}{2})}{\sin(\frac{\angle B}{2})} \\ \iff \frac{\sin \angle C}{\sin \angle B} \cdot \frac{\cos(\frac{\angle B}{2})}{\cos(\frac{\angle C}{2})} = \frac{\sin(\frac{\angle C}{2})}{\sin(\frac{\angle B}{2})}. \end{gather*}
Which is obviously true since sin⁡x=2sin⁡(x2)cos⁡(x2)\sin x = 2 \sin(\frac{x}{2}) \cos(\frac{x}{2}).

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