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Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it Ukraine

In a triangle ABCABC with sides BC>AC>ABBC > AC > AB, consider the angles between the height and median, being built from one top. Find out, on which top this angle is the largest of the three.

Solution

Let us denote in a standard way the sides of triangle a,b,ca, b, c. Then under condition, a>b>ca > b > c. Let us denote the height and median from the top BB as hb=BHh_b = BH and mb=BMm_b = BM accordingly (fig. 48). Then the interesting for us angle is MBH\angle MBH, while cosMBH=hbmb\cos\angle MBH = \frac{h_b}{m_b}. Similarly, we can determine cosines of the other studied angles. In order to prove that the angle at the top BB is

Figure 1
Fig. 48

the biggest, it should be enough to show that cosine of this angle is the smallest, that is:
hbmb<min{hama,hcmc}. For this, let us prove that  \frac{h_b}{m_b} < \min \left\{ \frac{h_a}{m_a}, \frac{h_c}{m_c} \right\} . \text{ For this, let us prove that}\
mb2hb2>ma2ha2tamb2hb2>mc2hc2. \frac{m_b^2}{h_b^2} > \frac{m_a^2}{h_a^2} \quad \text{ta}\quad \frac{m_b^2}{h_b^2} > \frac{m_c^2}{h_c^2}.
To do this, let us use the following formula to calculate the height and median:
ha=2SABCa ta ma2=2b2+2c2a24. h_a = \frac{2S_{ABC}}{a} \text{ ta } m_a^2 = \frac{2b^2 + 2c^2 - a^2}{4}.
The first inequation is equivalent to the following:
2a2+2c2b24b24S2>2b2+2c2a24a24S2(2a2+2c2b2)b2>(2b2+2c2a2)a22b2c2b4>2a2c2a4(a2+b2)(a2b2)>2c2(a2b2). \frac{2a^2 + 2c^2 - b^2}{4} \cdot \frac{b^2}{4S^2} > \frac{2b^2 + 2c^2 - a^2}{4} \cdot \frac{a^2}{4S^2} \Leftrightarrow (2a^2 + 2c^2 - b^2)b^2 > (2b^2 + 2c^2 - a^2)a^2 \Leftrightarrow 2b^2c^2 - b^4 > 2a^2c^2 - a^4 \Leftrightarrow (a^2 + b^2)(a^2 - b^2) > 2c^2(a^2 - b^2).
The last inequation is true, since under the condition: a>b>ca > b > c.
Similarly, for the second ineqation we have:
(2a2+2c2b2)b2>(2b2+2a2c2)c22b2a2b4>2a2c2c42a2(b2c2)>(b2+c2)(b2c2). (2a^2 + 2c^2 - b^2)b^2 > (2b^2 + 2a^2 - c^2)c^2 \Leftrightarrow 2b^2a^2 - b^4 > 2a^2c^2 - c^4 \Leftrightarrow 2a^2(b^2 - c^2) > (b^2 + c^2)(b^2 - c^2).
The last inequation, again, is true since a>b>ca > b > c.

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