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Geometry Difficulty 8.3 Shortlist Prove it China

For acute triangle ABCABC with AB>ACAB > AC, let MM be the midpoint of side BCBC and PP a point inside AMC\triangle AMC such that MAB=PAC\angle MAB = \angle PAC. Let OO, O1O_1 and O2O_2 be the circumcenters of ABC\triangle ABC, ABP\triangle ABP and ACP\triangle ACP respectively. Prove that line AOAO bisects segment O1O2O_1O_2. (Posed by Xiong Bin)

Solution

As shown in Fig. 1, draw the circumcircles of ABC\triangle ABC, ABP\triangle ABP and ACP\triangle ACP, respectively. Let the extension of APAP meet O\odot O at DD, join BDBD, and draw the line tangent to O\odot O at AA, intersecting O1\odot O_1 and O2\odot O_2 at EE and FF respectively.

It is clear that AMCABD\triangle AMC \sim \triangle ABD, hence
ABBD=AMMC. \frac{AB}{BD} = \frac{AM}{MC}.
Since EABPDB\triangle EAB \sim \triangle PDB, we have ABBD=AEPD\frac{AB}{BD} = \frac{AE}{PD}.
Consequently, AMMC=AEPD\frac{AM}{MC} = \frac{AE}{PD}, i.e.
AE=AM×PDMC, AE = \frac{AM \times PD}{MC},
and, similarly,
AF=AM×PDMB. AF = \frac{AM \times PD}{MB}.
Figure 1
Fig. 1

It follows that
AE=AF. AE = AF. \qquad ①

Draw the perpendicular lines O1EAEO_1E' \perp AE with foot EE', and O2FAFO_2F' \perp AF with foot FF'. Since EE', FF' are the midpoints of AEAE, AFAF respectively, it follows from ① that AA is the midpoint of EFE'F'.
In the right-angled trapezoid O1EFO2O_1E'F'O_2, AOAO is the extension of the median, and hence it bisects the segment O1O2O_1O_2.

Solution 2:

As shown in Fig. 2, draw segments AO1AO_1, OO1OO_1, AO2AO_2, OO2OO_2. Denote by QQ the intersection of AOAO and O1O2O_1O_2. Then
Figure 2
Fig. 2
O1QQO2=SOO1SOO2=AB×OO1AC×OO2, \frac{O_1Q}{QO_2} = \frac{S_{\triangle OO_1}}{S_{\triangle OO_2}} = \frac{AB \times OO_1}{AC \times OO_2},
where ABAC=sinACBsinABC\frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{\sin\angle ACB}{\sin\angle ABC}.
Since OO1Q=BAP=CAM\angle OO_1Q = \angle BAP = \angle CAM, and OO2Q=CAP=BAM\angle OO_2Q = \angle CAP = \angle BAM, it follows that
OO1OO2=OO1OQ×OQOO2=sinOQO1sinOO1Q×sinOO2QsinOQO2=sinOO2QsinOO1Q=sinBAMsinCAM, \begin{aligned} \frac{OO_1}{OO_2} &= \frac{OO_1}{OQ} \times \frac{OQ}{OO_2} \\ &= \frac{\sin\angle OQO_1}{\sin\angle OO_1Q} \times \frac{\sin\angle OO_2Q}{\sin\angle OQO_2} \\ &= \frac{\sin\angle OO_2Q}{\sin\angle OO_1Q} = \frac{\sin\angle BAM}{\sin\angle CAM}, \end{aligned}
and thus
O1QQO2=sinACMsinCAM×sinBAMsinABM=AMCM×BMAM=BMCM. \frac{O_1Q}{QO_2} = \frac{\sin\angle ACM}{\sin\angle CAM} \times \frac{\sin\angle BAM}{\sin\angle ABM} = \frac{AM}{CM} \times \frac{BM}{AM} = \frac{BM}{CM}.
Note that MM is the midpoint of BCBC, and therefore O1Q=QO2O_1Q = QO_2, i.e. line AOAO bisects segment O1O2O_1O_2.

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