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Geometry Difficulty 7.3 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Estonia

The midpoint of the hypotenuse ABAB of a right-angled triangle ABCABC is MM. A point DD lies on the side BCBC such that the circumcircle of the triangle ACDACD intersects the line DMDM at some point KK between the points DD and MM. Let LL be the reflection of the point KK from the point MM. The circumcircles of the triangles ACDACD and LBCLBC intersect at the point NN, NCN \neq C. Find the size of the angle KNLKNL.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

The right angle DCADCA subtends the chord ADAD of the circumcircle of triangle ACDACD (Fig. 26), therefore ADAD is a diameter of this circle. Since point KK lies on the same circle, AKD=90\angle AKD = 90^\circ. From supplementary angles we get MKA=180AKD=90\angle MKA = 180^\circ - \angle AKD = 90^\circ.

From the conditions of the problem AM=MBAM = MB and KM=MLKM = ML and from the vertex angles we get AMK=BML\angle AMK = \angle BML. Thus, the triangles AMKAMK and BMLBML are equal. Consequently MLB=MKA=90\angle MLB = \angle MKA = 90^\circ.

Next, we show that NLK=NKA\angle NLK = \angle NKA. It suffices to show the equality NLB=NKD\angle NLB = \angle NKD since NLK=NLBKLB=NLB90\angle NLK = \angle NLB - \angle KLB = \angle NLB - 90^\circ and

Figure 1

NKA=NKDAKD=NKD90\angle NKA = \angle NKD - \angle AKD = \angle NKD - 90^\circ. Furthermore, since N,L,BN, L, B and CC lie on the same circle in this order, we have NLB=180BCN\angle NLB = 180^\circ - \angle BCN, while the points N,K,DN, K, D and CC lying on one circle in this order implies NKD=180DCN=180BCN\angle NKD = 180^\circ - \angle DCN = 180^\circ - \angle BCN. So NLK=NKA\angle NLK = \angle NKA as desired. Hence NLK+LKN=NLK+LKANKA=LKA=90\angle NLK + \angle LKN = \angle NLK + \angle LKA - \angle NKA = \angle LKA = 90^\circ, which implies KNL=18090=90\angle KNL = 180^\circ - 90^\circ = 90^\circ.

Solution 2

As in Solution 1 we show that ADAD is a diameter of the circumcircle of triangle ACDACD and MLB=90\angle MLB = 90^\circ. Since point NN lies on the circumcircle of triangle ACDACD we have AND=90\angle AND = 90^\circ.

Let TT be the intersection of the lines LDLD and ACAC (Fig. 27). From supplementary angles we get TCB=180BCA=90\angle TCB = 180^\circ - \angle BCA = 90^\circ. Since TLB=90\angle TLB = 90^\circ, points CC and LL lie on the circle with the diameter TBTB, whence TT lies on the circumcircle of triangle LBCLBC.

We show that DNL=ANK\angle DNL = \angle ANK. Since the points C,N,L,TC, N, L, T lie on the same circle in this order, we have CNL+LTC=180\angle CNL + \angle LTC = 180^\circ. Hence
DNL=CNLCND=180LTCCND=180DTATAD. \angle DNL = \angle CNL - \angle CND = 180^\circ - \angle LTC - \angle CND \\ = 180^\circ - \angle DTA - \angle TAD.
From triangle TADTAD we get 180DTATAD=ADT180^\circ - \angle DTA - \angle TAD = \angle ADT and from supplementary angles ADT=180KDA\angle ADT = 180^\circ - \angle KDA. Since A,N,K,DA, N, K, D lie on the same circle in this order, we get 180KDA=ANK180^\circ - \angle KDA = \angle ANK. So indeed DNL=ANK\angle DNL = \angle ANK.

Finally notice that ANK=AND+DNK=90+DNK\angle ANK = \angle AND + \angle DNK = 90^\circ + \angle DNK, hence DNL=90+DNK\angle DNL = 90^\circ + \angle DNK. Consequently KNL=DNLDNK=90\angle KNL = \angle DNL - \angle DNK = 90^\circ.

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