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Geometry Difficulty 6.3 National olympiad Prove it Saudi Arabia

In triangle ABCA B C, let Ia,Ib,IcI_{a}, I_{b}, I_{c} be the centers of the excircles tangent to sides BC,CA,ABB C, C A, A B, respectively. Let PP and QQ be the tangency points of the excircle of center IaI_{a} with lines ABA B and ACA C. Line PQP Q intersects IaBI_{a} B and IaCI_{a} C at DD and EE. Let A1A_{1} be the intersection of DCD C and BEB E. In an analogous way we define points B1B_{1} and C1C_{1}. Prove that AA1,BB1,CC1A A_{1}, B B_{1}, C C_{1} are concurrent.

Solution

We shall prove that A1A_{1} is the orthocenter of triangle IaBCI_{a} B C. Indeed, we have
PEIa^=180PQA^ECQ^=180(9012A^)(9012C^)=12(A^+C^)=9012B^=PBIa^ \begin{aligned} \widehat{P E I_{a}} & =180^{\circ}-\widehat{P Q A}-\widehat{E C Q} \\ & =180^{\circ}-\left(90^{\circ}-\frac{1}{2} \widehat{A}\right)-\left(90^{\circ}-\frac{1}{2} \widehat{C}\right) \\ & =\frac{1}{2}(\widehat{A}+\widehat{C})=90^{\circ}-\frac{1}{2} \widehat{B}=\widehat{P B I_{a}} \end{aligned}
hence quadrilateral BEIaPB E I_{a} P is cyclic. Since BPIa^=90\widehat{B P I_{a}}=90^{\circ}, it follows BECIaB E \perp C I_{a}. In an analogous way we get CDBIC D \perp B I, hence A1A_{1} is the orthocenter of triangle IaBCI_{a} B C.

Figure 1

It follows that BA1CIB A_{1} \parallel C I, where II is the incenter of triangle ABCA B C. Also, CA1BIC A_{1} \parallel B I, hence BICA1B I C A_{1} is a parallelogram.
Similarly, AIBC1A I B C_{1} is a parallelogram, hence AC1A1CA C_{1} A_{1} C is a parallelogram. We obtain that the segments AA1A A_{1} and CC1C C_{1} have the same midpoint. In an analogous way, the segments BB1B B_{1} and AA1A A_{1} have the same midpoint, and the conclusion follows.

Figure 1

Remark. It is clear that Ib,A,IcI_{b}, A, I_{c} and Ic,B,IaI_{c}, B, I_{a}, and Ia,C,IbI_{a}, C, I_{b} are collinear.
Figure 2
As in the previous solution, A1A_{1} is the orthocenter of triangle IaBCI_{a} B C, hence IaA1BCI_{a} A_{1} \perp B C. Similarly, IbB1CAI_{b} B_{1} \perp C A and IcC1ABI_{c} C_{1} \perp A B.
The triangles ABCA B C and IaIbIcI_{a} I_{b} I_{c} are orthological, that is the perpendicular lines through A,B,CA, B, C on IbIc,IcIaI_{b} I_{c}, I_{c} I_{a}, and IaIbI_{a} I_{b}, respectively, are concurrent (as internal bisectors of triangle ABCA B C ). It follows that also, IaA1,IbB1,IcC1I_{a} A_{1}, I_{b} B_{1}, I_{c} C_{1} are concurrent.

Figure 2

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