Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /1284 of 1394

, 2022

Geometry Difficulty 6.0 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:
Let E\mathcal{E} be an ellipse with foci AA and BB. Suppose there exists a parabola P\mathcal{P} such that
- P\mathcal{P} passes through AA and BB,
- the focus FF of P\mathcal{P} lies on E\mathcal{E},
- the orthocenter HH of FAB\triangle F A B lies on the directrix of P\mathcal{P}.
If the major and minor axes of E\mathcal{E} have lengths 5050 and 1414, respectively, compute AH2+BH2A H^{2}+B H^{2}.

Solution

Solution:
Let DD and EE be the projections of AA and BB onto the directrix of P\mathcal{P}, respectively. Also, let ωA\omega_{A} be the circle centered at AA with radius AD=AFA D = A F, and define ωB\omega_{B} similarly.
If MM is the midpoint of DE\overline{D E}, then MM lies on the radical axis of ωA\omega_{A} and ωB\omega_{B} since MD2=ME2M D^{2} = M E^{2}. Since FF lies on both ωA\omega_{A} and ωB\omega_{B}, it follows that MFM F is the radical axis of the two circles. Moreover, MFABM F \perp A B, so we must have M=HM = H.
Let NN be the midpoint of AB\overline{A B}. We compute that AD+BE=AF+FB=50A D + B E = A F + F B = 50, so HN=12(AD+BE)=25H N = \frac{1}{2}(A D + B E) = 25. Since AB=225272=48A B = 2 \sqrt{25^{2} - 7^{2}} = 48, we have
252=HN2=12(AH2+BH2)14AB2=12(AH2+BH2)242. \begin{aligned} 25^{2} = H N^{2} & = \frac{1}{2}\left(A H^{2} + B H^{2}\right) - \frac{1}{4} A B^{2} \\ & = \frac{1}{2}\left(A H^{2} + B H^{2}\right) - 24^{2} . \end{aligned}
by the median length formula. Thus AH2+BH2=2(252+242)=2402A H^{2} + B H^{2} = 2\left(25^{2} + 24^{2}\right) = 2402.

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