Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2021

Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Prove it United States

Problem:

In triangle ABCA B C, let MM be the midpoint of BCB C and DD be a point on segment AMA M. Distinct points YY and ZZ are chosen on rays CA\overrightarrow{C A} and BA\overrightarrow{B A}, respectively, such that DYC=DCB\angle D Y C = \angle D C B and DBC=DZB\angle D B C = \angle D Z B. Prove that the circumcircle of DYZ\triangle D Y Z is tangent to the circumcircle of DBC\triangle D B C.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:

We first note that the circumcircles of DBZD B Z and YDCY D C are tangent to BCB C from our angle criteria. By power of a point, we obtain that MM lies on the radical axis of the two circles and clearly DD does as well. Therefore, we find that AA lies on the radical axis so AYAC=ABAZA Y \cdot A C = A B \cdot A Z implying that BYZCB Y Z C is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Next, by Reim's Theorem on (BYZC)(B Y Z C) and (DYZ)(D Y Z), we get that (DYZ)(D Y Z) intersects AB,ACA B, A C at B,CB^{\prime}, C^{\prime} where BC,BCB C, B^{\prime} C^{\prime} are parallel. Then a negative homothety maps BB to BB^{\prime} and CC to CC^{\prime}, so (DBC)(D B C) gets mapped to (DBC)\left(D B^{\prime} C^{\prime}\right), and we have tangent circles.

Solution 2

Solution:

Let (DYZ)(D Y Z) intersect ABA B and ACA C at BB^{\prime} and CC^{\prime}, respectively. We see that YCB=YZB=YZB=YCB\measuredangle Y C^{\prime} B^{\prime} = \measuredangle Y Z B^{\prime} = \measuredangle Y Z B = \measuredangle Y C B. Thus, BCBCB C \parallel B^{\prime} C^{\prime}. This means that there exists a negative homothety taking BB to BB^{\prime} and CC to CC^{\prime} which will map (DBC)(D B C) to (DBC)\left(D B^{\prime} C^{\prime}\right) which is also (DYZ)(D Y Z).

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.