Maths Olympiad Prep

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, 2011

Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it South Africa

In triangle ABCABC, A=60\angle A = 60^\circ. Let EE and FF be points on the extensions of ABAB and ACAC such that BE=CF=BCBE = CF = BC. The circumcircle of ACEACE intersects EFEF in KK (different from EE). Prove that KK lies on the bisector of BAC\angle BAC.

Solution

Let TT be the intersection of BFBF and CECE. We have that BCE+BEC=ABC\angle BCE + \angle BEC = \angle ABC, and since BC=BEBC = BE, it follows that BCE=12ABC\angle BCE = \frac{1}{2} \angle ABC. Similarly, CBF=12ACB\angle CBF = \frac{1}{2} \angle ACB. Hence
CTF=BCE+CBF=12(ABC+ACB)=60, \angle CTF = \angle BCE + \angle CBF = \frac{1}{2}(\angle ABC + \angle ACB) = 60^\circ,
and so ABTCABTC is a cyclic quadrilateral. Hence EBF=ACE=AKE\angle EBF = \angle ACE = \angle AKE and ABF=180EBF=180AKE=AKF\angle ABF = 180^\circ - \angle EBF = 180^\circ - \angle AKE = \angle AKF, which implies that ABKFABKF is cyclic. Hence we have that EBK=CFK\angle EBK = \angle CFK, and since ACKEACKE is cyclic, we have BEK=FCK\angle BEK = \angle FCK. Together with BE=FCBE = FC it follows that triangles KBEKBE and KFCKFC are congruent. Hence KC=KEKC = KE, which means that CAK\angle CAK and BAK\angle BAK are subtended by equal chords in the circumcircle of ACEACE, and hence are equal, as required.

Let LL be the intersection of EFEF and the angle bisector of BAC\angle BAC. Let BC=aBC = a, AC=bAC = b and AB=cAB = c. Then EB=FC=aEB = FC = a.
Using the cosine rule in triangle ABCABC, we obtain a2=b2+c2bca^2 = b^2 + c^2 - bc, and using the cosine rule in triangle AEFAEF, we obtain
EF2=(a+c)2+(a+b)2(a+c)(a+b)=a2+b2+c2+ab+acbc. EF^2 = (a+c)^2 + (a+b)^2 - (a+c)(a+b) = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + ab + ac - bc.
Since ALAL bisects angle AEFAEF, it follows that ELFL=AEFA=a+ca+b\frac{EL}{FL} = \frac{AE}{FA} = \frac{a+c}{a+b}, which yields FL=a+b2a+b+cFEFL = \frac{a+b}{2a+b+c} FE. Now,
FLFEFCFA=a+b2a+b+cFEFEa(a+b)=a+b2a+b+c(a2+b2+c2+ab+acbc)a(a+b)=a+b2a+b+c(b2+c2bca2)=0(cosine rule in triangle ABC). \begin{align*} FL \cdot FE - FC \cdot FA &= \frac{a+b}{2a+b+c} FE \cdot FE - a(a+b) \\ &= \frac{a+b}{2a+b+c} (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + ab + ac - bc) - a(a+b) \\ &= \frac{a+b}{2a+b+c} (b^2 + c^2 - bc - a^2) \\ &= 0 \quad (\text{cosine rule in triangle } ABC). \end{align*}
Hence FLFE=FCFAFL \cdot FE = FC \cdot FA, which shows that ACLEACLE is a cyclic quadrilateral, i.e. L=KL = K.

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