Points M and N are considered in the interior of triangle ABC such that MAB=NAC and MBA=NBC. Prove that AB⋅ACAM⋅AN+BA⋅BCBM⋅BN+CA⋅CBCM⋅CN=1.
Solutions — 2
Solution 1
Let K be a point on the ray BN such that BMA=BCK. It is clear that K is outside of triangle because BMA>ACB. We have △ABM∼△KBC, hence BKAB=BCBM=CKAM.(1) Now, we have △ABK∼△MBC (since ABK=MBC and BKAB=BCBM), hence BMAB=BCBK=CMAK.(2) We obtained CKN=MAB=NAC. It follows that quadrilateral ANCK is cyclic, and by using Ptolemy's theorem we get AC⋅(BK−BN)=AN⋅CK+CN⋅AK.(3) From (1) and (2) it follows CK=BMAM⋅BC,AK=BMAB⋅CM,BK=BMAB⋅BC. Replacing these relations in (3) we get AC⋅(BMAB⋅BC−BN)=BMAM⋅AN⋅BC+BMCM⋅CN⋅AB, hence AM AN}{AB ⋅ AC} + BM BN}{BA ⋅ BC} + CM CN}{CA ⋅ CB} = 1 .
Solution 2
Using Ceva's theorem in trigonometric form for points M and N we get sinMACsinMAB⋅sinMBAsinMBC⋅sinMCBsinMCA=1, and sinNACsinNAB⋅sinNBAsinNBC⋅sinNCBsinNCA=1 Multiplying these relations, it follows sinMBCsinMCA⋅sinNCBsinNCA=1, hence sinMCBsinMCA=sinNCAsinNCB.(2) Denote MCB=α and MCA=β and get sinαsin(C−α)=sinβsin(C−β).(3) or sinC⋅cotα−cosC=sinC⋅cotβ−cosC hence α=β.
Using complex coordinates, relation MCB=ACN shows that argb−cm−c=argn−ca−c, hence the number b−cm−c:n−ca−c is real. We have b−cm−c⋅a−cn−c=b−cm−c⋅a−cn−c=CB⋅CACM⋅CN. Finally, we get ∑AB⋅ACAM⋅AN=∑(b−a)(c−a)(m−a)(n−a)=(a−b)(b−c)(c−a)∑(m−a)(n−a)(b−c)=1
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