GeometryDifficulty 5.4AIME, harderFind the answerItaly
Problem:
Let ABCD be a trapezoid with bases AB and CD inscribed in a circle Γ, such that the diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular. Let P be the point of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD; what is the ratio between the area of Γ and the sum of the areas of triangles APB and CPD?
Pick one
Solution
Solution:
The answer is (C). Let O and r be respectively the center and the radius of the circle Γ. Observe that the trapezoid must necessarily be isosceles (because it is inscribable in a circle), hence the diagonals are equal and AP=PB (so also PC=PD). Therefore the triangles APB and BPC are isosceles and right-angled: they have area respectively 2BP2 and 2PC2.
Moreover, since triangle APB is isosceles and right-angled, we find 45∘=PAB=CAB=2COB: that is, COB=90∘. By the Pythagorean theorem on triangles BPC and BOC we find that: 2r2=BC2=BP2+PC2.
The sum of the areas of triangles APB and BPC equals 2BP2+PC2=r2 and the ratio sought is r2πr2=π.
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Source: MathNet,
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