Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it JBMO

Problem:
Let ABCABC be an isosceles triangle with AB=ACAB = AC. Let also c(K,KC)c(K, KC) be a circle tangent to the line ACAC at point CC which intersects the segment BCBC again at an interior point HH. Prove that HKABHK \perp AB.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Solution:
Let lines KHKH, ABAB intersect at MM (Figure 5a).
From the quadrilateral KMACKMAC we have
KMA=360AACKCKM=360A90(1802KCH)=90A+2KCH=90A+2(90ACB)=270A2ACB=270AACBABC=270180=90. \angle KMA = 360^{\circ} - \angle A - \angle ACK - \angle CKM = 360^{\circ} - \angle A - 90^{\circ} - (180^{\circ} - 2\angle KCH) = 90 - \angle A + 2\angle KCH = 90 - \angle A + 2(90^{\circ} - \angle ACB) = 270^{\circ} - \angle A - 2\angle ACB = 270 - \angle A - \angle ACB - \angle ABC = 270^{\circ} - 180^{\circ} = 90^{\circ}.
Figure 1
(a)
Figure 2
(b)
Figure 2: Exercise G2.
so KHABKH \perp AB as wanted.

Solution 2

Solution:
Let DD be a point on cc such that AD<ACAD < AC, and let E,ZE, Z be the second points of intersection of lines ADAD and BDBD with cc respectively. Let also NN be the second point of intersection of line BEBE with the circle cc. Figure 5b shows ZZ between B,DB, D. The argument below can be trivially modified to apply in case DD is in the segment B,ZB, Z as well. It is
AB2=AC2=ADAEABAE=ADAB AB^{2} = AC^{2} = AD \cdot AE \Rightarrow \frac{AB}{AE} = \frac{AD}{AB}
This relation and the fact that BAE=BAD\angle BAE = \angle BAD implies that the triangles ABE,ADBABE, ADB are similar. Thus ABE=ADB\angle ABE = \angle ADB. Also from the cyclic quadrilateral we get ADB=ZNE\angle ADB = \angle ZNE. Therefore ABE=ZNE\angle ABE = \angle ZNE, so ABNZAB \parallel NZ.
Call PP the intersection point of BC,NZBC, NZ. Since ACAC is tangent to cc it is
CEH=BCA \angle CEH = \angle BCA
and then
ZNH+CNZ=HNC=CEH=(3)BCA=ABC=ZPC=BCN+CNZZNH=BCNZNH=HZN \begin{aligned} & \angle ZNH + \angle CNZ = \angle HNC = \angle CEH \stackrel{(3)}{=} \angle BCA = \angle ABC = \angle ZPC = \angle BCN + \angle CNZ \\ \Rightarrow \quad & \angle ZNH = \angle BCN \\ \Rightarrow \quad & \angle ZNH = \angle HZN \end{aligned}
Therefore HH is the midpoint of the arc NZNZ, so KHNZKH \perp NZ and as ABNZAB \parallel NZ we finally get KHABKH \perp AB as wanted.

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