Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /43 of 299

Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it Iran

Suppose that AA-excircle of triangle ABCABC is tangent to ACAC and ABAB at EE and FF, respectively. Denote by IaI_a the center of preceding circle. Point DD is the reflection of AA around the line IaBI_aB. Lines DIaDI_a and EFEF meet at KK. Prove that the circumcenter of DKEDKE, midpoint of BCBC and IaI_a are collinear.

Solution

Let MM be the midpoint of BCBC and EE' be the reflection of EE with respect to MIaMI_a. Also, let ω\omega be the AA-excircle. It is clear that EE' lies on ω\omega and the problem is equivalent to proving that DEKEDE'KE is cyclic. To do this we will show that EDK=EEK\angle E'DK = \angle E'EK. Note that EFAIaEF \perp AI_a and EEMIaEE' \perp MI_a. Therefore EEK=MIaA\angle E'EK = \angle MI_aA.

Assume that XX and YY are the tangency points of BCBC with the incircle and ω\omega, respectively. If YY' is the reflection of YY with respect to IaI_a we can see that the dilation with center AA which sends the incircle to ω\omega, sends XX to YY', hence XYXY' passes through AA.

Let ZZ be the second intersection point of XYXY' with ω\omega. We have YZX=90\angle YZX = 90^\circ and because MM is the midpoint of XYXY, we have MZ=MYMZ = MY. Therefore, MZMZ is tangent to ω\omega. In fact ZZ is the reflection of YY with respect to MIaMI_a. This implies that MIaYZMI_a \perp YZ, hence MIaAZMI_a \parallel AZ. Next, we claim that the triangles

IaZEI_aZE' and IaADI_aAD are similar. Both of them are isosceles, so it is enough to show that ZIaE=AIaD\angle ZI_aE' = \angle AI_aD. Note that
ZIaE=YIaE=C,AIaD=2AIaB=C \angle ZI_aE' = \angle YI_aE = \angle C, \quad \angle AI_aD = 2\angle AI_aB = \angle C
Figure 1
From the similarity of the triangles IaZEI_aZE' and IaADI_aAD, we can conclude that IaZAI_aZA and IaEDI_aE'D are similar and so
EDIa=ZAIa=MIaA. \angle E'DI_a = \angle ZAI_a = \angle MI_aA.
Therefore DEKEDE'KE is cyclic as desired. ■

Figure 1

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.