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Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Prove it Mongolia

Let ABCDEFABCDEF be a circumscribed hexagon. Let ABCD=KAB \cap CD = K, CDEF=LCD \cap EF = L, DEAF=MDE \cap AF = M and AFBC=NAF \cap BC = N. Prove that the lines KMKM, LNLN and BEBE are concurrent.

Solution

Let the circle ω\omega inscribed in a hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF tangents the sides ABAB, BCBC, CDCD, DEDE, EFEF, FAFA at the points A4A_4, A3A_3, A2A_2, A1A_1, A6A_6, A5A_5 respectively.

Figure 1

(1) Let A6A2A_6A_2 be the polar line of the point LL with respect to ω\omega and let A3A5A_3A_5 be the polar line of the point NN with respect to ω\omega.

Let lXl_X denote the polar line of the point XX. If A6A2A3A5=XA_6A_2 \cap A_3A_5 = X, then XlNX \in l_N; XlLX \in l_L. Here we used the known result from projective geometry that if XlYX \in l_Y, then YlXY \in l_X. Hence the polar line of XX is lX=LNl_X = LN.

(2) Let A5A1A_5A_1 and A4A2A_4A_2 be the polar lines of MM and KK respectively. Let A5A1A4A2=YA_5A_1 \cap A_4A_2 = Y. The polar line of YY is lY=MKl_Y = MK.

(3) Let A4A3A_4A_3 and A6A1A_6A_1 be the polar lines of BB and EE respectively. Let A4A3A6A1=ZA_4A_3 \cap A_6A_1 = Z. The polar line of ZZ is lZ=BEl_Z = BE.

By Pascal's theorem the points A6A2A3A5=XA_6A_2 \cap A_3A_5 = X, A2A4A5A1=YA_2A_4 \cap A_5A_1 = Y and A4A3A1A6=ZA_4A_3 \cap A_1A_6 = Z are collinear. Suppose that the points XX, YY, ZZ lie on the line mm. Then the pole of mm lies on the lines lXl_X, lYl_Y, lZl_Z. Therefore the lines lXl_X, lYl_Y and lZl_Z are concurrent. Thus the lines LNLN, MKMK and BEBE are concurrent.

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