AlgebraDifficulty 5.4AIME, harderProve itSoviet Union
Problem: Find the minimum value of zxy+xyz+yzx for positive reals x, y, z with x2+y2+z2=1.
Solution
Solution: Answer: min 3 when all equal.
Let us consider z to be fixed and focus on x and y. Put f(x,y,z)=zxy+xyz+yzx. We have f(x,y,z)=zp+pz(1−z2)=zp+k2/p, where p=xy, and k=z1−z2. Now p can take any value in the range 0<p≤(1−z2)/2. The upper limit is achieved when x=y.
We have p+k2/p=p(p−k)2. For p≤k, (p−k) and 1/p are both decreasing functions of p, so p+k2/p is a decreasing function of p. Thus if p is restricted to the interval (0,h], then for k≤h the minimum value of p+k2/p is 2k and occurs at p=k. For k≥h the minimum is h+k2/h and occurs at p=h.
We have h=(1−z2)/2, k=z1−z2. So k≤h iff z≤1/5. So if z≤1/5, then f(x,y,z)≥2k/z=21−z2≥21−1/5=4/5>3.
If z>1/5, then the minimum of f(x,y,z) occurs at x=y and is x2/z+z+z=(1−z2)/(2z)+2z=3z/2+1/(2z)=(3/2)(z3+1/(z3))≥3 with equality at z=1/3 (and hence x=y=1/3 also).
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.
Source: MathNet,
licensed CC-BY-4.0.
Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.