Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /2 of 7

Geometry Difficulty 4.7 AIME Find the answer United States

Six points AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, and FF lie in a straight line in that order. Suppose that GG is a point not on the line and that AC=26AC = 26, BD=22BD = 22, CE=31CE = 31, DF=33DF = 33, AF=73AF = 73, CG=40CG = 40, and DG=30DG = 30. Find the area of BGE\triangle BGE.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Because CD=AFACDF=14CD = AF - AC - DF = 14, the side lengths of CDG\triangle CDG are 1414, 3030, and 4040. By Heron's Formula,
Area(CDG)=42(4214)(4230)(4240)=168, \text{Area}(\triangle CDG) = \sqrt{42(42 - 14)(42 - 30)(42 - 40)} = 168,
implying that the distance from GG to line CDCD is 2168CD=24\frac{2\cdot168}{CD} = 24. Then because BE=BD+CECD=39BE = BD + CE - CD = 39, the area of BGE\triangle BGE is 123924=468\frac{1}{2} \cdot 39 \cdot 24 = 468.
Figure 1

OR
As in the first solution, CD=14CD = 14. Let HH be the projection of GG onto line AFAF. Note that
CD2+DG2=142+302=1096<1600=CG2, CD^2 + DG^2 = 14^2 + 30^2 = 1096 < 1600 = CG^2,
implying that CDG\angle CDG is obtuse, and it follows that DD lies between CC and HH. Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to CHG\triangle CHG and DHG\triangle DHG yields
402=CH2+GH2=(DH+14)2+GH2and 40^2 = CH^2 + GH^2 = (DH + 14)^2 + GH^2 \quad \text{and}
302=DH2+GH2. 30^2 = DH^2 + GH^2.
Subtracting the second equation from the first and dividing by 2828 gives 25=DH+725 = DH + 7, so DH=18DH = 18 and GH=24GH = 24. The result then follows as in the first solution.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.