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Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament

Geometry Difficulty 4.9 AIME Prove it United States

Problem:
Let a⋆b=sin⁡acos⁡ba \star b = \sin a \cos b for all real numbers aa and bb. If xx and yy are real numbers such that x⋆y−y⋆x=1x \star y - y \star x = 1, what is the maximum value of x⋆y+y⋆xx \star y + y \star x?

Solution

Solution:
We have x⋆y+y⋆x=sin⁡xcos⁡y+cos⁡xsin⁡y=sin⁡(x+y)≤1x \star y + y \star x = \sin x \cos y + \cos x \sin y = \sin(x + y) \leq 1.

Equality is achieved when x=π2x = \frac{\pi}{2} and y=0y = 0. Indeed, for these values of xx and yy, we have x⋆y−y⋆x=sin⁡xcos⁡y−cos⁡xsin⁡y=sin⁡(x−y)=sin⁡π2=1x \star y - y \star x = \sin x \cos y - \cos x \sin y = \sin(x - y) = \sin \frac{\pi}{2} = 1.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.