Olympiad Maths Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it South Korea

For a trapezoid ABCDABCD with AB//CDAB // CD, suppose that AA, BB, CC, DD lie in the clockwise direction. Let Γ1\Gamma_1 be the circle centered at AA, and passing through BB. Let Γ2\Gamma_2 be the circle centered at CC, and passing through DD. Let PP be the intersection (distinct from BB, DD) of the line BDBD and the circle Γ1\Gamma_1. Let Γ\Gamma be the circle with the diameter PDPD. Let XX be the intersection (distinct from PP) of Γ\Gamma and Γ1\Gamma_1. Let YY be the intersection (distinct from DD) of Γ\Gamma and Γ2\Gamma_2. Let QQ be the intersection of Γ2\Gamma_2 and the circumcircle of XBYXBY. Show that BB, DD, QQ are collinear.

Solution

It suffices to show that XX, BB, YY, QQ are cyclic under the assumption that QQ is the intersection of the line BDBD and Γ2\Gamma_2. There are six cases depending on the ordering of PP, DD, BB, QQ. Although we should consider all those six cases, we here give the proof only for the case where the order is PP, DD, BB, QQ.

Let ABP=α\angle ABP = \alpha, DPX=β\angle DPX = \beta. Since AB//CDAB // CD, we have ABP=BDC=α\angle ABP = \angle BDC = \alpha. For the circle Γ1\Gamma_1, the circumference angle for PBPB equals π2α\frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha; hence we have (π2α)+PXB=π(\frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha) + \angle PXB = \pi. That is, PXB=π2+α\angle PXB = \frac{\pi}{2} + \alpha.

On the other hand, we have
DYQ=12DCQ=π2α. \angle DYQ = \frac{1}{2} \angle DCQ = \frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha.
For the circle Γ\Gamma, DPX=DYX=β\angle DPX = \angle DYX = \beta. Now it suffices to show that DBX=XYQ\angle DBX = \angle XYQ.

For the triangle DBXDBX, we have
DBX=πβ(π2+α)=π2αβ. \angle DBX = \pi - \beta - (\frac{\pi}{2} + \alpha) = \frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha - \beta.
Meanwhile, since DYQ=π2α\angle DYQ = \frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha and DYX=β\angle DYX = \beta, we have

\angle XYQ = \angle DYQ - \angle DYX = \frac{\pi}{2} - \alpha - \beta. \quad \square

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