GeometryDifficulty 7.6National Olympiad, round 2Prove itBaltic Way
The incircle of a triangle ABC touches the sides BC, CA, AB at D, E, F, respectively. Let G be a point on the incircle such that FG is a diameter. The lines EG and FD intersect at H. Prove that CH∥AB.
Solution
We work in the opposite direction. Suppose that H′ is the point where DF intersects the line through C parallel to AB. We need to show that H′=H. For this purpose it suffices to prove that E, G, H′ are collinear, which reduces to showing that if G′=E is the common point of EH′ and the incircle, then G′=G.
Note that H′ and B lie on the same side of AC. Hence CH′∥AB gives ∠ACH′=180∘−∠BAC. Also, some homothety with center D maps the segment BF to the segment CH′. Thus the equality BD=BF implies that CH′=CD=CE, i.e. the triangle ECH′ is isosceles and ∠H′EC=21(180∘−∠ECH′)=21∠BAC. But G′ and H′ lie on the same side of AC, so ∠G′EC=∠H′EC and consequently ∠G′FE=∠G′EC=∠H′EC=21∠BAC so that ∠G′FA=∠G′FE+∠EFA=21∠BAC+21(180∘−∠FAE)=90∘. Hence FG′ is a diameter of the incircle and the desired equality G′=G follows.
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