Let be a triangle and let be its -excircle (excircle opposite vertex ). Let be the points where touches the lines , respectively. The circle crosses the line at and . Let be the midpoint of the line segment . Prove that the circles and are tangent.
Solution
For convenience, let and denote the circles and , respectively. Letting the line cross again at , we will show that and are tangent at .
We first prove that the points are concyclic, so lies on . Let be the center of , and notice that is a diameter of , since and are perpendicular to and , respectively. Let be the midpoint of the line segment . Since , the angle is right, so also lies on , and therefore ; and since and , it follows that , showing that are indeed concyclic.
If and are parallel, then the triangle is isosceles with apex at and the conclusion follows by symmetry.
Otherwise, the lines and cross at a point ; these lines are the radical axes of and , respectively, so is the radical center of the three circles, and is the radical axis of and .
To conclude the proof, it is therefore sufficient to show that is tangent to . With respect to this circle, the line is the polar of , and the line is the polar of , so is the pole of the line . Consequently, is indeed tangent to .