Let the roots of p(x)=x2+dx+a be x1 and x2, and the roots of q(x)=x2+cx+b be y1 and y2.
Since p(x) has two different real roots, its discriminant is positive:
Dp=d2−4a>0
Similarly, q(x) has two different real roots, so
Dq=c2−4b>0
Suppose, for contradiction, that some root of p(x) coincides with some root of q(x). That is, there exists x0 such that p(x0)=0 and q(x0)=0.
So:
x02+dx0+a=0
x02+cx0+b=0
Subtracting the second from the first:
(d−c)x0+(a−b)=0
Since d>c, d−c>0.
So:
x0=d−cb−a
Now, plug x0 into p(x):
(d−cb−a)2+d(d−cb−a)+a=0
Multiply both sides by (d−c)2:
(b−a)2+d(b−a)(d−c)+a(d−c)2=0
Expand d(b−a)(d−c):
d(b−a)(d−c)=d(b−a)d−d(b−a)c=d2(b−a)−dc(b−a)
So:
(b−a)2+d2(b−a)−dc(b−a)+a(d2−2dc+c2)=0
Expand a(d2−2dc+c2):
ad2−2adc+ac2
So the equation is:
(b−a)2+d2(b−a)−dc(b−a)+ad2−2adc+ac2=0
Group terms:
(b−a)2+d2(b−a)−dc(b−a)+ad2−2adc+ac2=0
Now, let's try to show that this equation cannot hold for 0<a<b<c<d.
Alternatively, consider the following:
The sum of the roots of p(x) is −d, and the product is a.
The sum of the roots of q(x) is −c, and the product is b.
Suppose x is a root of both p(x) and q(x).
Then x2+dx+a=0 and x2+cx+b=0.
Subtract:
(d−c)x+(a−b)=0
So x=d−cb−a.
Now, since p(x) has two real roots, d2>4a.
Similarly, c2>4b.
But a<b and c<d.
Now, let's check if x=d−cb−a can be a root of p(x).
Plug into p(x):
(d−cb−a)2+d(d−cb−a)+a=0
Multiply both sides by (d−c)2:
(b−a)2+d(b−a)(d−c)+a(d−c)2=0
But b−a>0, d−c>0, a>0.
All terms are positive, so the sum cannot be zero.
Therefore, p(x) and q(x) cannot have a common root.
Now, suppose p(x) has a double root, i.e., x1=x2.
But the discriminant is positive, so roots are distinct.
Similarly for q(x).
Suppose p(x) has two roots, x1 and x2, and q(x) has two roots, y1 and y2.
Suppose x1=y1.
Then, as above, x1=d−cb−a, but this is not possible as shown above.
Suppose x1=y2 or x2=y1 or x2=y2.
The same argument applies.
Therefore, all four roots are mutually different.