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Geometry Difficulty 7.6 National Olympiad, round 2 Prove it Romania

Let ABCABC be a triangle, and let rr denote its inradius. Let RAR_A denote the radius of the circle internally tangent at AA to the circle ABCABC and tangent to the line BCBC; the radii RBR_B and RCR_C are defined similarly. Show that 1/RA+1/RB+1/RC2/r1/R_A + 1/R_B + 1/R_C \le 2/r.

Solutions — 2

Solution 1

Let aa, hAh_A and Δ\Delta denote the length of the side BCBC, the length of the altitude from AA in the triangle ABCABC, and the area of the triangle ABCABC, respectively. Consider the circle internally tangent at AA to the circle ABCABC and tangent at TT to the line BCBC. Then 2RAAThA=2Δ/a2R_A \ge AT \ge h_A = 2\Delta/a, and equality holds throughout if and only if the triangle ABCABC is isosceles with apex at AA. Similar inequalities hold for RBR_B and RCR_C, and the conclusion follows at once; equality holds if and only if the triangle ABCABC is equilateral.

Solution 2

In the notation in Solution 1, we shall prove that 1/RA=(a/Δ)cos2(B/2C/2)1/R_A = (a/\Delta) \cos^2(B/2 - C/2). Similar formulae hold for RBR_B and RCR_C, and the conclusion follows at once; equality holds if and only if the triangle ABCABC is equilateral.
To prove the above formula for RAR_A, let AA' be the orthogonal projection of AA on the line BCBC, let OO be the circumcentre of the triangle ABCABC, and let OAO_A be the centre of the circle tangent at AA to the circle ABCABC and tangent at TT to the line BCBC. Since the points AA, OAO_A and OO are collinear, the angle AAOAA'AO_A is congruent to the absolute value of the difference of the internal angles of the triangle ABCABC at BB and CC, so cos(BC)=cos(AAOA)=(AAOAT)/OAA=(hARA)/RA=hA/RA1=2Δ/(aRA)1\cos(B - C) = \cos(\angle A'AO_A) = (AA' - O_AT)/O_A A = (h_A - R_A)/R_A = h_A/R_A - 1 = 2\Delta/(aR_A) - 1, whence the desired formula.

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