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IMO Hk TST

Geometry Difficulty 8.5 Shortlist Prove it Hong Kong

Let ABCABC be an acute triangle and HH be the perpendicular foot at the side BCBC from AA. Let DD and EE be points on the segments ABAB and ACAC, FF and GG be the perpendicular feet at BCBC from DD and EE respectively. Let PP be the perpendicular foot at the segment DHDH from EE. Suppose that DG,EF,AHDG, EF, AH are concurrent. Show that ∠APE=∠CPE\angle APE = \angle CPE.

Solution

Suppose DG,EF,AHDG, EF, AH are concurrent at XX. Let QQ be the point on the line CPCP such that QH∥PGQH \parallel PG. We only work on the configuration as shown since the other cases are similar.

Firstly, by the parallel lines AH∥EGAH \parallel EG and QH∥PGQH \parallel PG, we have △CAH∼△CEG\triangle CAH \sim \triangle CEG and △CPG∼△CQH\triangle CPG \sim \triangle CQH. Thus, we have
AEEC=HGGC=QPPC. \frac{AE}{EC} = \frac{HG}{GC} = \frac{QP}{PC}.
By the angle bisector theorem, it suffices to prove APPC=AEEC\frac{AP}{PC} = \frac{AE}{EC}. Equivalently, we need to prove PA=PQPA = PQ.

By similar triangles, we have DFEG=DXGX=FHGH\frac{DF}{EG} = \frac{DX}{GX} = \frac{FH}{GH}. Together with the included angles ∠DFH=∠EGH=90∘\angle DFH = \angle EGH = 90^\circ, we have △DFH∼△EGH\triangle DFH \sim \triangle EGH. This implies ∠DHF=∠EHG\angle DHF = \angle EHG, and hence ∠AHD=∠AHE\angle AHD = \angle AHE.

Figure 1

Note that E,P,H,GE, P, H, G are concyclic since ∠EPH=∠EGH=90∘\angle EPH = \angle EGH = 90^\circ. This yields
∠PEH=∠PGH=∠QHB, \angle PEH = \angle PGH = \angle QHB,
and so
∠EHP=90∘−∠PEH=90∘−∠QHB=∠AHQ. \angle EHP = 90^\circ - \angle PEH = 90^\circ - \angle QHB = \angle AHQ.
It follows that ∠DHQ=∠EHA=∠DHA\angle DHQ = \angle EHA = \angle DHA.

Next, note that ∠PEG=∠DHF=∠GHE=∠GPE\angle PEG = \angle DHF = \angle GHE = \angle GPE. This implies PG=EGPG = EG. By similar triangles, we obtain
PGQH=CGCH=EGAH=PGAH. \frac{PG}{QH} = \frac{CG}{CH} = \frac{EG}{AH} = \frac{PG}{AH}.
Therefore, we have QH=AHQH = AH. Thus, HPHP is the perpendicular bisector of AQAQ, and hence PA=PQPA = PQ as desired.

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