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, 2023

Algebra Difficulty 7.8 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it Saudi Arabia

Does there exist the infinite sequence of real numbers (xn)(x_n) satisfying x1=2x_1 = 2 and
2xn2+2xn+3<xn+12xn+2xn+3+2023 \frac{2x_n^2 + 2}{x_n + 3} < x_{n+1} \le \frac{2x_n + 2}{x_n + 3} + 2023
for all positive integers n=1,2,3,n = 1, 2, 3, \dots?

Solution

The answer is No. Suppose by contradiction that there is such a sequence. First, we will prove by induction that xn>2x_n > 2 for every n2n \ge 2. One can check with n=2n = 2, then assume that the assertion is true for n=k2n = k \ge 2, i.e. xk>2x_k > 2 then
2xk2+2xk+32=2xk22xk4xk+3=2(xk2)(xk+1)xk+3>0. \frac{2x_k^2 + 2}{x_k + 3} - 2 = \frac{2x_k^2 - 2x_k - 4}{x_k + 3} = \frac{2(x_k - 2)(x_k + 1)}{x_k + 3} > 0.
So xk+1>2xk2+2xk+3>2x_{k+1} > \frac{2x_k^2+2}{x_k+3} > 2. Therefore, the assertion is also true for n=k+1n = k + 1 and it is also true for all n2n \ge 2. Hence, we have
xn+1xn2xn2+2xn+3xn=(xn1)(xn2)xn+3>0, x_{n+1} - x_n \ge \frac{2x_n^2 + 2}{x_n + 3} - x_n = \frac{(x_n - 1)(x_n - 2)}{x_n + 3} > 0,
which implies that (xn)(x_n) increases strictly. On the other hand, we have
2xn+2xn+3<2,n>0    xn+1<2+2023=2025,n1 \frac{2x_n + 2}{x_n + 3} < 2, \forall n > 0 \implies x_{n+1} < 2 + 2023 = 2025, \forall n \ge 1
so (xn)(x_n) is upper bounded by 20252025. Hence, (xn)(x_n) has a finite limit, called by LL and 2<L20252 < L \le 2025. Substituting in the initial condition, we have
2L2+2L+3L1L2, \frac{2L^2 + 2}{L + 3} \le L \Leftrightarrow 1 \le L \le 2,
this contradiction shows that there is no sequence (xn)(x_n) satisfying the condition. \square

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