Prove that ∣a−bc∣<2b1 if and only if ∣a2−b2c∣<c.
Solution
The first relation also writes as −2b1<a−bc<2b1, i.e. 2b22ab−1<c<2b22ab+1.
The second relation also writes as −c<a2−b2c<c, or b2c+c−a2>0 and b2c−c−a2<0, i.e. 2b21+4a2b2−1<c<2b21+4a2b2+1.
Computing the difference between the bounds yields 0<δ=2b21+4a2b2±1−2b22ab±1=2b21+4a2b2−2ab=2b2(1+4a2b2+2ab)1<2b2⋅4ab1=Δ.
Clearly c>2b21+4a2b2−1 implies c>2b22ab−1. When c>2b22ab−1 it follows that 4b4c>(2ab−1)2, so 4b4c≥(2ab−1)2+1. On the other hand (2b21+4a2b2−1)2<(2b22ab−1+Δ)2=4b4(2ab−1)2+4ab2(2ab−1)+16a2b21=4b4(2ab−1)2+1−2ab1+16a2b21<4b4(2ab−1)2+1≤c, hence the requiredc>2b21+4a2b2−1.
Clearly c<2b22ab+1 implies that c<2b21+4a2b2+1. When c<2b21+4a2b2+1, assume c≥2b22ab+1, hence 4b4c≥(2ab+1)2, therefore 4b4c≥(2ab+1)2+3 (because of the divisibility by 4).
On the other hand (2b21+4a2b2+1)2<(2b22ab+1+Δ)24b4(2ab+1)2+2(2ab+1)/4ab+1/16a2b2<4b4(2ab+1)2+3≤c, hence c>2b21+4a2b2+1, contradiction. It means our assumption was wrong, so c<2b22ab+1.==4b4(2ab+1)2+1+1/2ab+1/16a2b2
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