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Geometry Difficulty 6.8 National olympiad Prove it Greece

Let c(O,R)c(O,R) be a circle, ABAB a diameter and Γ\Gamma the midpoint of the arch AB^\widehat{AB}. We draw the circle cI(K,KO)c_I(K,KO), where KK is a point of the segment OAOA and we consider the tangents ΓΔ\Gamma\Delta, ΓO\Gamma O from Γ\Gamma to the circle cI(K,KO)c_I(K,KO). The line KΔK\Delta intersects the circle c(O,R)c(O,R) at the points EE and ZZ (the point EE lies in the same semicircle with Γ\Gamma). Finally, the lines EΓE\Gamma and ΓZ\Gamma Z intersect ABAB at the points NN and MM, respectively. Prove that the quadrilateral EMZNEMZN is an isosceles trapezium inscribed in a circle whose center lies on the circle c(O,R)c(O,R).

Solution

Let E^i=ΓE^Z\hat{E}_i = \Gamma \hat{E} Z. Then from the orthogonal triangle ΓΔE:Γ^1=90E^1\Gamma \Delta E : \hat{\Gamma}_1 = 90^\circ - \hat{E}_1 (1)
Since ΓO^Z=O^1\Gamma \hat{O} Z = \hat{O}_1 is the corresponding central angle of E^1=ΓE^Z\hat{E}_1 = \Gamma \hat{E} Z, then
O^1=2E^1\hat{O}_1 = 2\hat{E}_1 and from the isosceles triangle ΓOZ\Gamma OZ we have:
Γ^2=180O^12=1802E^12=90E^1.(2) \hat{\Gamma}_2 = \frac{180^\circ - \hat{O}_1}{2} = \frac{180^\circ - 2\hat{E}_1}{2} = 90^\circ - \hat{E}_1. \quad (2)
From relations (1) and (2), we have: Γ^1=Γ^2\hat{\Gamma}_1 = \hat{\Gamma}_2.
Figure 1
The triangles ΓΔE\Gamma \Delta E and ΓOM\Gamma O M, are equal [ΓΔ^E=ΓO^M=90\Gamma \hat{\Delta} E = \Gamma \hat{O} M = 90^\circ, Γ^1=Γ^2\hat{\Gamma}_1 = \hat{\Gamma}_2 and ΓΔ=ΓO\Gamma \Delta = \Gamma O]. Also the triangles ΓKΔ\Gamma K \Delta and ΓKO\Gamma K O are equal and therefore we conclude that ΓEM\Gamma E M is isosceles triangle and that ΓK\Gamma K is the bisector of the angle E^ΓM\hat{E} \Gamma M and perpendicular bisector of the segment EMEM. (A)
From the equality of triangles ΓΔE\Gamma \Delta E and ΓOM\Gamma O M, we conclude that: ΓE^Z=ΓM^O\Gamma \hat{E} Z = \Gamma \hat{M} O, and therefore NE^Z=NM^ZN \hat{E} Z = N \hat{M} Z. Hence the quadrilateral EMZN is cyclic and we have the following equalities: M^1=E^NZ\hat{M}_1 = \hat{E} N Z and E^2=M^ZN\hat{E}_2 = \hat{M} Z N.
Also, from the isosceles triangle ΓEM\Gamma E M, we have: M^1=E^2\hat{M}_1 = \hat{E}_2.
Therefore, we get that: E^NZ=M^ZN\hat{E} N Z = \hat{M} Z N and then EMZN is isosceles trapezium.

The center of the circumcircle of EMZN is the point of intersection of two perpendicular bisectors of its sides. Let T is the point of intersection of ΓK\Gamma K (perpendicular bisector of EM) and the perpendicular bisector of EZ. In the triangle ΓEZ\Gamma E Z, ΓT\Gamma T is the bisector of the angle EΓ^ZE \hat{\Gamma} Z and OTO T is the perpendicular bisector of the side EZ. Hence T belongs on the circumcircle of the triangle ΓEZ\Gamma E Z.

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