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Geometry Difficulty 5.7 AIME, harder Prove it Taiwan

Let ABC\triangle ABC be an acute triangle and let CPCP be the altitude to side ABAB, and let HH be any point on CPCP. Lines AH,BHAH, BH meet BC,ACBC, AC respectively at points M,NM, N.
(1) Prove: NPC=MPC\angle NPC = \angle MPC
(2) Let OO be the intersection point of MNMN and CPCP, and let an arbitrary line through OO meet the sides of quadrilateral CNHMCNHM at points D,ED, E. Prove: EPC=DPC\angle EPC = \angle DPC.

Solution

(1) Denote NPC=ϕ1\angle NPC = \phi_1, MPC=ϕ2\angle MPC = \phi_2, then
SNPCSNPA=CNAN=CPsinϕ1APcosϕ2. \frac{S_{\triangle NPC}}{S_{\triangle NPA}} = \frac{CN}{AN} = \frac{CP \sin \phi_1}{AP \cos \phi_2}.
Therefore, tanϕ1=CNANAPCP\tan \phi_1 = \frac{CN}{AN} \cdot \frac{AP}{CP}.
Similarly, tanϕ2=CMBMBPCP\tan \phi_2 = \frac{CM}{BM} \cdot \frac{BP}{CP}.
Thus, tanϕ1=tanϕ2\tan \phi_1 = \tan \phi_2 is equivalent to
CNANAPBPBMCM=1. \frac{CN}{AN} \cdot \frac{AP}{BP} \cdot \frac{BM}{CM} = 1.
In ABC\triangle ABC, applying Ceva's theorem to the lines AM,BN,CPAM, BN, CP gives the above equation directly.

(2) Denote NPC=MPC=ϕ\angle NPC = \angle MPC = \phi.
To prove the conclusion, it suffices to prove
sin(ϕx)sinx=sin(ϕy)sinγ, \frac{\sin(\phi - x)}{\sin x} = \frac{\sin(\phi - y)}{\sin \gamma},
where x=EPO,γ=DPOx = \angle EPO, \gamma = \angle DPO. In fact, the latter is equivalent to
sinϕcosxcosϕsinxsinxsinγ=sinϕcosxcosϕsinγsinγcotx=cotγx=γ. \begin{align*} & \frac{\frac{\sin \phi \cos x - \cos \phi \sin x}{\sin x}}{\sin \gamma} \\ &= \frac{\sin \phi \cos x - \cos \phi \sin \gamma}{\sin \gamma} \\ \Leftrightarrow \quad & \cot x = \cot \gamma \Leftrightarrow x = \gamma. \end{align*}
Suppose ENH,DCME \in NH, D \in CM, then
NEEH=SNEPSEHP=NPsin(ϕx)PHsinx. \frac{NE}{EH} = \frac{S_{\triangle NEP}}{S_{\triangle EHP}} = \frac{NP \cdot \sin(\phi - x)}{PH \cdot \sin x}.
Therefore,sin(ϕx)sinx=NEEHPHNP(1) Therefore, \frac{\sin(\phi - x)}{\sin x} = \frac{NE}{EH} \cdot \frac{PH}{NP} \quad (1)
Similarly, we obtain
sin(ϕγ)sinγ=DMCDCPPM(2) \frac{\sin(\phi - \gamma)}{\sin \gamma} = \frac{DM}{CD} \cdot \frac{CP}{PM} \quad (2)
Using (1) and (2), it suffices to prove
NEEHCDDMPHCPMONO=1.(3) \frac{NE}{EH} \cdot \frac{CD}{DM} \cdot \frac{PH}{CP} \cdot \frac{MO}{NO} = 1. \quad (3)
(since POPO is the angle bisector of ΔNPM\Delta NPM, that is, PMPN=MONO\frac{PM}{PN} = \frac{MO}{NO}.)
Also, since
NEEH=SΔNEOSΔEHO=NOsinδOHsinψ,CDDM=SΔCDOSΔDMO=COsinψOMsinδ, \frac{NE}{EH} = \frac{S_{\Delta NEO}}{S_{\Delta EHO}} = \frac{NO \sin \delta}{OH \sin \psi}, \\ \frac{CD}{DM} = \frac{S_{\Delta CDO}}{S_{\Delta DMO}} = \frac{CO \sin \psi}{OM \sin \delta},
where δ=MOD,ψ=EOP\delta = \angle MOD, \psi = \angle EOP. Thus, (3) simplifies to
OCOHPHPC=1. \frac{OC}{OH} \cdot \frac{PH}{PC} = 1.
Applying Menelaus's theorem to ΔBHC\Delta BHC and line MNMN, to ΔCHM\Delta CHM and line ABAB, and to ΔBHM\Delta BHM and line ACAC respectively, we obtain
BNNHHOOCCMMB=1,CPPHHAAMMBBC=1,HNNBBCCMMAHA=1, \frac{BN}{NH} \cdot \frac{HO}{OC} \cdot \frac{CM}{MB} = 1, \\ \frac{CP}{PH} \cdot \frac{HA}{AM} \cdot \frac{MB}{BC} = 1, \\ \frac{HN}{NB} \cdot \frac{BC}{CM} \cdot \frac{MA}{HA} = 1,
Multiplying the three equations gives
OCOHPHPC=1. \frac{OC}{OH} \cdot \frac{PH}{PC} = 1.

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