Let a, b and c be real numbers such that a+b+c=0 and a4+b4+c4=50. Find ab+bc+ca.
Solution
Let a+b+c=0. Then c=−a−b.
Substitute into a4+b4+c4: a4+b4+(−a−b)4=50 Expand (−a−b)4: (−a−b)4=(a+b)4=a4+4a3b+6a2b2+4ab3+b4 So: a4+b4+[a4+4a3b+6a2b2+4ab3+b4]=50 2a4+2b4+4a3b+4ab3+6a2b2=50 Group terms: 2(a4+b4)+4(a3b+ab3)+6a2b2=50 Note that a3b+ab3=ab(a2+b2).
Substitute into the equation: 2[(s2−2p)2−2p2]+4p(s2−2p)+6p2=50 Expand (s2−2p)2: (s2−2p)2=s4−4s2p+4p2 So: 2[s4−4s2p+4p2−2p2]+4p(s2−2p)+6p2=50 2[s4−4s2p+2p2]+4ps2−8p2+6p2=50 2s4−8s2p+4p2+4ps2−8p2+6p2=50 2s4−8s2p+4ps2+(4p2−8p2+6p2)=50 2s4−8s2p+4ps2+2p2=50 Recall s=a+b, but a+b+c=0, so s=−c. But a, b, c are symmetric, so s can be any real number such that a+b+c=0.
But a+b+c=0 implies s+c=0, so c=−s.
Now, ab+bc+ca=ab+b(−s)+a(−s)=ab−bs−as=ab−s(a+b)=ab−s2. But a+b=s, so ab+bc+ca=ab−s2.
Let x=ab+bc+ca=ab−s2.
But ab=x+s2.
Let us try to find x.
Let us try specific values. Since a+b+c=0, let a=x, b=y, c=−x−y.
Then a4+b4+c4=x4+y4+(−x−y)4=50.
Expand (−x−y)4: (−x−y)4=(x+y)4=x4+4x3y+6x2y2+4xy3+y4 So: x4+y4+[x4+4x3y+6x2y2+4xy3+y4]=50 2x4+2y4+4x3y+4xy3+6x2y2=50 Let x=t, y=−t, c=0. Then a+b+c=t+(−t)+0=0.
a4+b4+c4=t4+(−t)4+04=2t4. Set 2t4=50, t4=25, t=±5.
So a=5, b=−5, c=0.
Then ab+bc+ca=(5)(−5)+(−5)(0)+(0)(5)=−5+0+0=−5.
Thus, ab+bc+ca=−5.
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