Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /12 of 19

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Prove it Soviet Union

Problem:

1992 vectors are given in the plane. Two players pick unpicked vectors alternately. The winner is the one whose vectors sum to a vector with larger magnitude (or they draw if the magnitudes are the same). Can the first player always avoid losing?

Solution

Solution:

Suppose the vectors sum to ss. Take the xx-axis along ss (or in any direction if s=0\mathbf{s} = 0). At each move the first player picks the vector with biggest xx-coordinate. Each player makes 996996 moves and the xx-coordinate the first player picks on any move is larger than the xx-coordinate the second player picks on the following move. So the sum of the first player's choices has larger xx-coordinate than the sum of the second player's. Since the sum of all the xx-coordinates is non-negative, the sum of the first player's choices must also have larger absolute value. The sum of the yy-coordinates of all the vectors is zero, so the sum must be the same for the first and second players. Hence the first player's sum has larger magnitude than the second player's.

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Source: MathNet, licensed CC-BY-4.0. Statement reproduced verbatim; metadata (topic, difficulty) added by this project.