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Geometry Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Romania

Prove that a convex polygon A1A2...AnA_1A_2...A_n has three vertices Ai,Aj,AkA_i, A_j, A_k such that
[AiAjAk]>14[A1A2...An], [A_iA_jA_k] > \frac{1}{4}[A_1A_2...A_n],

where [X1X2...Xm][X_1X_2...X_m] denotes the area of the polygon X1X2...XmX_1X_2...X_m.

Solution

Let AiAjAkA_iA_jA_k be a triangle of maximal area. Let AiA'_i be the reflection of AiA_i across the midpoint of the side AjAkA_jA_k; the points AjA'_j and AkA'_k are defined similarly. Note that at most one of these three reflections can be a vertex of the polygon — otherwise, the polygon would have three collinear vertices, contradicting convexity.

We will prove that the triangle AiAjAkA'_iA'_jA'_k covers the polygon A1A2...AnA_1A_2...A_n. By the preceding, the cover is strict, so [AiAjAk]>[A1A2...An][A'_iA'_jA'_k] > [A_1A_2...A_n]. As [AiAjAk]=4[AiAjAk][A'_iA'_jA'_k] = 4[A_iA_jA_k], the conclusion follows.

To prove the covering claim above, suppose, if possible, some vertex AA_\ell lies outside the triangle AiAjAkA'_iA'_jA'_k. Let dist(X,YZ)\operatorname{dist}(X, YZ) denote the Euclidean distance of the point XX to line YZYZ. Note that at least one of the three inequalities below holds:
dist(A,AjAk)>dist(Ai,AjAk),dist(A,AkAi)>dist(Aj,AkAi),dist(A,AiAj)>dist(Ak,AiAj). \begin{align*} \operatorname{dist}(A_\ell, A_j A_k) &> \operatorname{dist}(A_i, A_j A_k), \\ \operatorname{dist}(A_\ell, A_k A_i) &> \operatorname{dist}(A_j, A_k A_i), \\ \operatorname{dist}(A_\ell, A_i A_j) &> \operatorname{dist}(A_k, A_i A_j). \end{align*}
Hence at least one of the triangles AAjAkA_\ell A_j A_k, AAkAiA_\ell A_k A_i, AAiAjA_\ell A_i A_j has an area (strictly) greater than that of AiAjAkA_i A_j A_k, contradicting the choice of this latter. This ends the proof.

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