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Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Prove it Belarus

Prove that (a+b+c)581(a2+b2+c2)abc(a+b+c)^5 \ge 81(a^2+b^2+c^2)abc for any positive real numbers aa, bb, cc.

Solution

Write σ1=a+b+c\sigma_1 = a + b + c, σ2=ab+bc+ca\sigma_2 = ab + bc + ca, σ3=abc\sigma_3 = abc. Then the inequality we have to prove becomes
σ1581(σ122σ2)σ3    σ15+162σ2σ381σ12σ3.(1) \sigma_1^5 \ge 81(\sigma_1^2 - 2\sigma_2)\sigma_3 \iff \sigma_1^5 + 162\sigma_2\sigma_3 \ge 81\sigma_1^2\sigma_3. \quad (1)

Now using the AM-GM inequality for three summands σ15\sigma_1^5, 81σ2σ381\sigma_2\sigma_3, 81σ2σ381\sigma_2\sigma_3 we get
σ15+81σ2σ3+81σ2σ33812σ15σ22σ323. \sigma_1^5 + 81\sigma_2\sigma_3 + 81\sigma_2\sigma_3 \ge 3\sqrt[3]{81^2\sigma_1^5\sigma_2^2\sigma_3^2}.
So for (1) to be proved it suffices to verify that
3812σ15σ22σ32381σ12σ3    812σ15σ22σ32273σ16σ33    σ223σ1σ3. 3\sqrt[3]{81^2\sigma_1^5\sigma_2^2\sigma_3^2} \ge 81\sigma_1^2\sigma_3 \iff 81^2\sigma_1^5\sigma_2^2\sigma_3^2 \ge 27^3\sigma_1^6\sigma_3^3 \iff \sigma_2^2 \ge 3\sigma_1\sigma_3.
The last inequality is well known.

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